Exam 2

Liverpool, The Quarrymen

where did John Lennon first start his high school band and what was the original name

Stu Sutcliffe and Pete Best

who were the original bass player and drummer of the Beatles

Paul McCartney

who agreed to play bass in The Beatles when Stu Sutcliffe left

The Cavern Club

what club did the early Beatles play in frequently

Brian Epstein

furniture store owner that sold record players and records, convinced the Beatles to hire him as their manager

Parlophone

small independent British label run by George Martin, signed the Beatles to their first contract

Ringo Starr

who replaced Pete Best as the drummer of The Beatles

“Love Me Do”

The Beatles (1962), first single, #17 on British Pop Charts

“Please Please Me”

The Beatles (1963), #1 on British Pop Charts, title track of first album

they were the first good British rock band, good looking and funny young men, everyone (even adults) liked them

what factors led to Beatlemania in the UK

The Ed Sullivan show, performed several songs, 50,000 people tried to come, girls went CRAZY, 73 million peoples watched on TV

what was the Beatles afirst US public performance

“I Want to Hold Your Hand”

The Beatles, #1 in US for 7 weeks

the top 5 hits were all Beatles songs at the same time

The Beatles were the first group ever to do what on the US pop charts?

they were talented musicians that were “good looking”, rock n roll was dying in the US due to lack of artists in the industry, all of the Beatles songs hit the market at once, the Kennedy assassination had caused a nationwide depression so the Beatles were a ray of sunshine

what caused American Beatlemania

“A Hard Day’s Night”

The Beatles (1964), also the name of their first movie, the first chord of the song is heavily debated, first time a 12 string guitar was on a mainstream record

Mick Jagger and Keith Richards

went to primary school together, reunited later as young adults, started a band with guitarist named Brian Jones

Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys

what was the original name of the Rolling Stones

The Crawdaddy Club

what club were the Rolling Stones the house band for

Andrew Loog Oldham

the manager of the Rolling Stones, tried to clean the band up to be more like the Beatles, decided to go the opposite route and make them the bad boys

he didn’t have the right "look”

why wasn’t Ian Stewart (the keyboard player) officially part of the Rolling Stones

Help! (1965)

what was the Beatles second film

“You’ve Got to Hide Your Love Away”

The Beatles (1965), from the album Help!

“Yesterday”

The Beatles (1965), from the album Help!, first time the band brought in outside musicians, George Martin (producer) helped them create the song, first Beatles record to not feature all of the Beatles

Bob Dylan

who introduced the Beatles to weed

Rubber Soul

1965, first Beatles album influenced by drugs

Revolver

1966, second Beatles album influences by drugs

“Tomorrow Never Knows”

The Beatles (1966), from Revolver, most experimental Beatles song, uses tape loops and a Leslie Organ speaker to distort Lennon’s voice, sounds VERY drug influenced

“Eleanor Rigby”

The Beatles (1966), from the album Revolver, about two lonely people, written about themselves but made it relatable by writing about fictional characters

Surfer Girl

album by The Beach Boys (1963), 1st time a performer was also the producer

he was abused when he was younger which led to mental health issues,

what led to Brian Wilson’s absence from the music scene

Pet Sounds

Beach Boys album (1966), songs about relationships instead of surfing and cars, song cycle - meant to be listened to/performed as a unit, big variety of instruments

“Wouldn’t It Be Nice”

Beach Boys (1966), wide variety of instruments (wall of sound), sounds happy but has an underlying sad message

Pet Sounds

what album was the main influence on Sgt. Pepper by the Beatles

his worsening mental health issues and pressure from the record label to put out singles, the rest of the band thought Wilson was getting too experimental with the rest of the album

what happened to the Smile album that Brian Wilson was working on

“Good Vibrations”

The Beach Boys (1966), Wilson was hesitant to release it as a single, no intro, but has a bridge, instrumental interlude, surprise vocal chord, uses major and minor keys, lots of instruments, including a theremin, but no electric guitar

the end of the Beach Boys success

the abandonment of of the Smile album marked what

2004

when did Brian Wilson return to the music industry and release a new/modern version of the Smile album

2011

when did the Smile Recordings get released

The Beach Boys

who was the best American band of the 1960s

music that gets passed from generation to generation through word of mouth

what is folk music

protest song

written specifically for a political or social cause

Woody Guthrie

folk artist, wrote “this machine kills fascists” on his guitar, wanted to relate to the working people, came of age during the Great Depression and the Great Dust Bowl, wanted to combat fascism

“Do Re Mi”

Woody Guthrie, written in 1937 but recorded in 1940, about not being let into California to find farm work, urban folk song

McCarthyism

what blacklisted a lot of popular celebrities and musical artists, including the Weavers

Pete Seeger

member of the Weavers, wrote a lot of urban folk songs for other artists

educated college aged kids

what audience was urban folk music for

The Kingston Trio

mainstream, clean-cut, directly opposed rock n roll artists

“Tom Dooley”

The Kingston Trio, sounds country, murder ballad

Peter, Paul, and Mary

political folk songs, Pete Seeger wrote some of their songs, had songs about the civil rights movement, introduced Bob Dylan’s music to mainstream popular music industry

“Blowin in the Wind”

Originally written and performed by Bob Dylan, but made popular by Peter, Paul, and Mary’s performance, about the civil rights movement and has anti-war lyrics

Bob Dylan

real name was Robert Zimmerman, speculated that he got his stage name from the Gunsmoke character Marshall Matt Dillon, listened to a lot of country and rock n roll and Woody Guthrie was his musical hero

John Hammond

worked for Columbia Records, signed artists like Billy Holiday, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, and Bob Dylan

covers

Bob Dylan’s first album was made up of mostly what

phrasing

how singers deliver a song

The Freewheelin

2nd album (1963), only one cover, had Dylan’s version of “Blowin in the Wind”, album sounds very Woodie Guthrie

The Times They Are A-Changin

3rd album, also about the civil rights movement, similar sound to the 2nd album

Another Side of Bob Dylan (1964)

4th album, more impressionist and poetic, couldn’t always tell what he was singing about, lack of protest songs

Bringing It All Back Home (1965)

had “Subterranean Homesick Blues”- rock n roll sounding song, not folk sounding, first top 40 hit

wanted his lyrics to reach a mainstream audience

first time he used a band on one of his albums

Highway 61 Revisited and Blonde on Blonde

two albums released by Dylan in 1966

Highway 61 Revisited (1965)

had “Like a Rolling Stone” on it, 6 minutes long, went #2 on the pop chart

Blonde on Blonde (1966)

Bob Dylan album, two albums worth of music, mix of different genres in one album

had “Rainy Day Women #12 and 35”

“Rainy Day Women #12 and 35”

Bob Dylan (1966), jazz, folk, and rock elements all in one song, lyrics about criticism he received about his change in lyrics and music style, used double meaning of being “stoned”

rumors that he was recovering from a motorcycle accident, but may have also been recovering from “psychic” injuries, needed to a break from the public

why did Bob Dylan disappear from the public eye for 18 months

quiet, country sounding albums

when Dylan re-emerged in 1968 what style was his music

“Never Ending Tour”

Dylan performed at least 100 concerts per year between 1988 and 2020, resumed the shows after the pandemic

folk-rock and Americana

what two styles of music did Dylan create

The Beatles and Bob Dylan

who are the two acts most responsible for transforming rock music into something distinct from rock n roll

the Revolver tour

at the end of what tour did the Beatles announce that they would no longer do live performances together

Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)

The Beatles, songs were unified to create a story, album was suppose to simulate a live performance, no break or silence between 1st and 2nd songs = cohesive whole

“Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds”

The Beatles (1967), from Sgt. Pepper, inspired by a drawing made by Lennon’s kid, influenced by drugs,

“Good Morning, Good Morning”

The Beatles (1967), closing to Sgt. Pepper, ends with collage of animals sounds, meant to be an encore, combination of two songs, final chord goes on forever

“A Day In The Life”

The Beatles (1967), a bit of nonesense would just play and play forever at the end, high pitched tone outside the range of normal human hearing, caused dogs to bark

it establishes the idea of a concept album, new elaborate album artwork and packaging, had lyrics printed on back, no singles released

why is Sgt. Pepper one of the most significant albums of all time

rock and roll vs rock music

popular music vs popular music AND art music

hippies

young people that rejected the middle class materialistic values they were raised with

psychedelics

“mind-manifesting”

were supposed to help you unlock your mind (LSD, etc.)

Haight-Ashbury District (The Haight)

hippie center in San Francisco

psychedelic rock/acid rock

was supposed to simulate taking psychedelics or enhance the experience of taking psychedelics

Jefferson Airplane

first of the SF psychedelic rock bands to sign to sign a contract with a major record company

lead singer was a woman, Grace Slick

“White Rabbit”

Jefferson Airplane (1967), about drugs but covered up by referring to them as things from Alice in Wonderland

AM vs FM radio

mainstream, but censored, included top 40 vs smaller audience, less restrictions = progressive rock radio

Janis Joplin

lead singer of Big Brother and the Holding Company, very expressive and emotional way of singing

quit the band after their first album was released, sang with two other bands

Big Brother and the Holding Company

signed with Columbia records, first album in 1968 called Cheap Thrills

The Grateful Dead

one of the most successful groups of all time, mostly due to their live performances, played many different genres, lots of live improvised solos

stayed together for several decades unlike other bands at the time

encouraged fans to record their live shows, there were entire sections dedicated to recording

“Dark Star”

live recorded song by The Grateful Dead (1969), 23 minutes long

Jerry Garcia

one of the lead singers and guitar players for the Grateful Dead, center of the group, band broke up when he passed away in 1995

Monterey International Pop Festival

first big rock festival, summer of 1967, had a board of directors made up of several big names, made the proceeds go to charity

where Jimi Hendrix and The Who made big breakthroughs

Woodstock

the most famous rock festival of all time, important historical counterculture moment

more than 400,000 people showed up

no security, not enough food and water, no bathrooms

brought together a community of people

The Rolling Stones at Altamont Motor Speedway

free festival put on at the end of one of the Stones’ US tours to combat outrage over high ticket prices

very last minute, Hell’s Angels were hired as security and beat people who tried to get on stage

multiple popular bands played, 300,000 people showed up

a young African American man was stabbed to death by one of the hells angels

marked the dark side of the hippie movement

“Please, Please, Please”

James Brown (1956), repeats a lot, gospel technique

James Brown

was always dancing, very athletic style of performance, powerful singing with screams, his band would continuously play non-stop, called “The Hardest Working Man in Show Business”

Live At The Apollo

live album by James Brown (19

The T.A.M.I. Show

a concert film, stood for Teenage Music International, producers wanted to make a social rights statement, James Brown performed his bit during Please Please Please

performed an old R&B song called “Night Train” and did a similar bit

The Rolling Stones

who had to follow James Brown on the TAMI show

he focused solely on rhythm, instruments all sounded like percussion, the beginnings of funk

how did James Brown’s music style change in 1965-1966

“Say It Loud (I’m Black and I’m Proud)”

James Brown (1968), all of the instruments sounded like percussion, rhythmically complex, spent 6 weeks at #1 on R&B charts, made it to #10 on the pop charts

he bought several radio stations across the country, some of the first black owned radio stations, he had a fleet of cars, a leer jet, and built himself a castle in Queens, NY

Brown never sought out mainstream audiences, achieved success on his own terms

what did James Brown’s immense financial success allow him to do

Muscle Shoals, Alabama

where Fame recording company was, house band was called the Swampers, Atlantic Records

“I Never Loved A Man The Way I Love You”

Aretha Franklin, she plays piano on the record