Statements/ Logical Fallacies

What is a synthetic statement?

A synthetic statement is a statement where the truth value (whether or not what's being said is true or false) is confirmed through extra information being added to it, such as data or observation.

What are Analytic statements?

An analytic statement is a statement which is either true or false by deduction. Further research or data would not be required to determine the truth value of an analytic statement.

Define Fallacy

Fallacy- A failure in reasoning which renders an argument invalid

Ad hominem

Criticising the opponent for reasons which are irrelevant to the argument, rather than challenging the contents of their argument.

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

An argument based solely on the sequence of events, disregarding other possible contributing factors.

False dichotomy (dilemma)

Falsely limiting the options available and so presenting an artificial dilemma; not taking into consideration other possible options/ outcomes as part of the argument.

Straw man fallacy

A straw man argument is the logical fallacy of distorting an opposing position into an extreme version of itself and then arguing against it hat extreme version.