Microevolution and Macroevolution

Microevolution

Change in the frequency of an allele in a single population. Evolution on a small scale. Frequency of an allele in a gene pool.

Gene pool

TOTAL SUM of ALL ALLELES in a population at one time

Allele frequency

# of one type of allele relative to TOTAL # of alleles in a population.

Genotype frequency

frequency of a single genotype within a population (range between 0-1)

Hardy-Weinberg equillibrium states that…

A population’s allele + genotype frequencies are constant UNLESS there is some type of evolutionary force acting upon them.

Population

Organisms that are the same species and have fertile offspring when they breed with each other.

Hardy-Weinberg equation for allele frequency

p + q = 1

where p=G, q=g

Hardy-Weinberg equation for genotype frequency

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

where p=G, q=g

Random genetic drift: