Chemical Reactions Test

Definition of an Element

Substances composed of 1 type of atom.

Definition of a Compound

Substances composed of 2 or more types of atoms chemically bonded together.

Prefixes for naming covalent compounds (up to 10)

* mono
* di
* tri
* tetra
* penta
* hexa
* hepta
* octa
* nona
* deca

Definitions of an Acid

A substance that releases hydrogen ions into a solution.

Definition of a Base

A substance that releases hydroxide ions into a solution.

Properties of Acids

* Corrosive
* Sour taste
* Turns blue litmus paper red
* Conducts electricity
* Reacts with some metals
* Neutralised by bases

Properties of Bases

* Caustic
* Bitter taste
* Turns red litmus paper blue
* Conducts electricity
* Soapy, slimy feel
* Neutralised by acids

Definition of a Product

New substances that are produced in a chemical reaction.

Definitions of a Reactant

The substances that react with each other in a chemical reaction.

Hydrochloric Acid

HCl

Nitric Acid

HNO₃

Sulfuric Acid

HSO₄

Ethanoic/ Acetic Acid

CH₃COOH

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass can neither be created nor destroyed

Acid + Base →

→ Salt + Water

Acid + Metal →

→ Salt + Hydrogen Gas

Acid + Carbonate →

→ Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Endothermic Reaction

Energy (heat) is absorbed

* Temperature drops

Exothermic Reaction

Energy (heat) is released

* Temperature rises

Example of Endothermic Reaction

e.g. Cooking pancakes

Example of Exothermic Reaction

e.g. Burning wood

General equation for Endothermic Reactions

Reactants + ENERGY → Products

General equation for Exothermic Reactions

Reactants → Products + ENERGY