Innate Cell Death Overview

autophagy

self-eat, cells consume parts of themselves to remove harmful/damaged parts

autophagosome

vesicle containing harmful/damaged parts of its own cell, can be used to kill intracellular pathogens as well

DAMP

molecules that attract phagocytes (macrophages) or promote apoptosis

phospholipid, protein, altered carbohydrates

markers that are recognized as DAMPs by macrophages

liver cells

cell location in the body, flips phosphatidylserine from inner to outer bilayer to be recognized by phagocytes

CD47

protein on cell surface, “don’t eat me” signal for healthy cells, related to cancer

signal regulatory protein alpha

CD47 receptor, usually on macrophages to inhibit phagocytosis

regulated cell death

broad term for telling cells to die, includes apoptosis, NETosis, and pyroptosis

NETosis

occurs in neutrophils, chromosomes decondense and form chromatin mesh that protrudes though ruptured plasma membrane that has anti-pathogen enzymes and activates macrophages

neutrophil extracellular trap

what NET stands for in NETosis

pyroptosis

releases IL-1 beta and IL-18 (inflammation promoting cytokines, activated by inflammasome), fight salmonella and listeria

salmonella and listeria

two diseases that pyroptosis combats