Psychology of Motivation Chapter 4

What is the recommended daily caloric intake for adults?

2,000 to 2,005 calories per day.

What are the five basic taste sensations?

Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami.

What does ATP stand for in the context of energy?

Adenosine triphosphate.

What is Sensory Specific Satiety?

The phenomenon where eating a particular food to satiety reduces the value of that food compared to more varied foods.

What is the primary function of short-term regulation of hunger?

To regulate energy intake with energy output and trigger eating when energy drops.

What hormone is secreted by the stomach that increases appetite?

Ghrelin.

What part of the brain is referred to as the safety center in hunger regulation?

Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH).

What does the Lateral Hypothalamus (LH) control?

It acts as the hunger center, stimulating eating behavior.

What is the role of leptin in hunger regulation?

Leptin signals to the brain about the body’s energy status and regulates hunger and metabolism.

Define Anorexia Nervosa.

An eating disorder characterized by extreme restriction of food intake and an inability to maintain a healthy body weight.

What is the Glucostatic Theory of Hunger?

A theory proposing that fluctuations in glucose levels regulate hunger and eating behavior.

What are the two types of thirst mechanisms mentioned in the notes?

Osmometric thirst and volumetric thirst.

What hormone produced by the pancreas helps regulate blood glucose levels?

Insulin.

What effect does Ghrelin have when injected into an organism?

It increases food intake.

How does the hypothalamus affect sexual behavior?

It controls sexual behavior through various nuclei that regulate motivation and arousal.

What is the significance of the Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus (SDN-POA) in males?

It regulates male sexual behavior and is larger in males compared to females.

What is one characteristic of Bulimia Nervosa?

Episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors.

What is the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis?

It monitors internal states and triggers the appropriate motivations, such as hunger.

What does the Peripheral nervous system signal in relation to thirst?

Signals from receptors detect changes in fluid balance and trigger thirst.

Define hyperinsulinemia.

An abnormally high level of insulin in the blood, leading to increased hunger and fat storage.