Behavioral therapies

psychosocial intervention

• family support

• job skills training

• semi-structured residential facility (sober living)

• psychotherapy

• narcotics anonymous

cue exposure is related to what theoretical framework

classical conditioning

cue exposure therapy (CET)

• SS LEARNING: learn to break connection between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US)

• conditioned stimulus: specific cue (ex. bottle) or location

• unconditioned stimulus: naturally elicits a response (drug itself)

• expose individuals to cues associated with their substance use in a controlled manner

areas that light up during cue exposure

• amygdala (memory and emotion)

• anterior cingulate (emotion)

steps of CET

1. identification: triggers, specific cues (places, people, feelings, paraphernalia)

2. controlled exposure: gradual exposure to the cues in a safe setting, with therapeutic support (don’t want to flood them as it could be aversive)

3. coping mechanisms: teach alternative coping strategies during exposure to manage cravings and anxiety

**typically involves multiple sessions and very personalized to individual needs

contingency management is related to what theoretical framework

operant conditioning

contingency management

• behavioral therapy that aims to modify a patient’s behavior through the use of rewards for positive behaviors, like abstinence

• opposite of aversion therapy, which is punishment based

• reinforcement: receive rewards for achieving specific treatment goals (like drug-free urine samples) rewards like vouchers, prizes, cash, praise, and encouragement

• contingencies: must clearly define criteria for earning rewards, explain how reinforcers are earned

**especially effective for stimulants and opioids

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

• distorted thoughts lead to negative emotions and maladaptive behaviors

• by changing thought patterns, individuals can improve emotional well-being, behavior, and coping mechanisms

key components of CBT

• cognitive restructuring: identifying and challenging irrational or unhelpful beliefs about substance use

• behavioral activation: engaging in positive activites that promote abstinence and emotional well-being → reduce reliance on substances as a coping mechanism

• skills training: problem-solving, stress management, and social skills to improve success in high-risk situations

techniques used in CBT

• thought records

• exposure therapy

• relapse prevention strategies

12-step facilitation key components

• acceptance: acknowledge their addiction

• surrender: willingness to engage with a higher power or supportive belief system (secular)

• community support: encourage connections with others in recovery through group meetings, no professionals involved