AP Latin 2026+ Required Vocabulary

a, ab, abs

(with abl.) from, away from, out of, by

abeō, -īre, -iī, -itum

to go from, go away, go off, go forth, go, depart

absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus

to be away from, be absent

accēdō (adc-), -ere, -cessī, -cessum

to go to, come to, come near, draw near, approach, enter

accendō (adc-), -ere, -cendī, -cēnsum

to kindle, set on fire, inflame

accidō, -ere, -cidī

to fall upon, fall to, reach by falling, happen

accipiō (adc-), -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum

to take without effort, receive, get, accept, hear

accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum

to accuse, blame, find fault; reprimand; charge (w/ a crime)

ācer, ācris, ācre

sharp, bitter, pointed, piercing, shrill; keen; severe

aciēs, -ēī (f.)

sharp edge, point; front of an army, battle line; army

ad

(with acc.) to, toward

addō, -ere, -didī, -ditum

to put to, place upon, lay on, join, attach

adeō, -īre, -iī, -itum

to go to, come to, come up to, approach, draw near

adhūc

until now, heretofore, as yet, still, to this point, to this place

adsum (assum), adesse, adfuī

to be at, be present, be at hand

adsurgō (ass-), -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctum

to rise up, rise, stand up

adversus, -a, -um

turned to, turned against, opposite, before, in front of; unfavorable

adversus, adversum

(with acc.) opposite to, against; toward, against, before

aedificium, -i (n.)

building; structure

aedificō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum

to build, construct, make; create; establish; improve

aeger, -gra, -grum

sick, ill, injured; painful; corrupt; sad, sorrowful

Aeneas, -ae (m.)

Aeneas, leader of the Trojans

aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum

to make equal, equalize

aequor, -oris (n.)

even surface, level; sea, ocean

aequus, -a, -um

level, even, equal, like; just, kind, impartial, fair; patient

aestās, -ātis (f.)

summer; summer heat/weather; a year

aetas, -atis (f.)

life of a man, age, lifetime, years

aether, -eris (acc. aethera) (m.)

upper air, sky

affirmo (adf-), -are, -avi, -atum

to strengthen; confirm, encourage; declare

ager, agri (m.)

(productive) land, a field, farm, estate, pasture

agmen, -inis (n.)

multitude, troop, crowd; battle line, army

ago, -ere, egi, actum

to put in motion, do, act, move, lead, drive

agricola, -ae (m.)

farmer, countryman, peasant

aio (defective verb, ais, ait, aiunt)

to assert, affirm, say, tell, relate

albus, -a, -um

white, pale, fair, gray; bright, clear; favorable, auspicious

Alexandrinus, -a, -um

Alexandrian, pertaining to Alexandria (a city in Egypt)

alienus, -a, -um

of another, belonging to another, not one's own, foreign, alien, strange

aliqui (aliquis), aliqua, aliquod

some, any

aliquis, aliquid

someone, anyone, anybody, one or another; neut., something, anything

alius, -a, -ud

another, other, different; one...the other (alius...alius), some...others (alii...alii)

alter, -tera, -terum

one, another, the one, the other (of two)

altum, -i (n.)

height; high sky; deep sea

altus, -a, -um

high, lofty, elevated, great; deep, profound

ambulo, -are, -avi, -atum

to walk, take a walk; travel, march

amicitia, -ae (f.)

friendship; alliance, association; friendly relations

amicus, -a, -um

loving, friendly, kind, favorable

amicus, -i (m.)

loved one, loving one, friend

amitto, -ere, -isi, -issum

to send away, dismiss, part with, let go, lose

amnis, -is (m.)

river

amo, -are, -avi, -atum

to love

amor, -oris (m.)

love, affection, strong friendly feeling

amplector, -i, amplexus sum

to twine around, encircle, encompass, embrace

an

or, or whether

ancilla, -ae (f.)

enslaved woman

angustus, -a, -um

narrow, steep, close, confined; scanty, poor; narrowminded, petty

anima, -ae (f.)

air, a current of air, breeze, wind; breath, life, soul

animal, -is (n.)

animal, living thing

animus, -i (m.)

soul, intelligence, reason, intellect, mind; courage

annus, -i (m.)

year

ante

(with acc.) (of space) before, in front, forwards; (of time) before, previously

antea

before, before this; formerly, previously, in the past

antiquus, -a, -um

ancient, former, old, of old times

anxius, -a, -um

anxious, uneasy, disturbed; concerned; careful

aperio, -ire, -ui, -tum

to uncover, open, disclose; explain, recount; reveal; establish

appareo (adp-), -ere, -ui, -itum

to appear, come in sight, make an appearance

appello (adp-), -are, -avi, -atum

to call, address, name; request, implore, demand

Appia, -ae (f.)

a Roman female name (nomen - name of a Roman gens)

"appropinquo (adp-), -are,

-avi, -atum"

(with dat. or ad + acc.) to approach; come near to, draw near (space/time)

apud

(with acc.) with, among, at, by, near, at the house of

aqua, -ae (f.)

water

ara, -ae (f.)

structure for sacrifice, altar

arbor (arbos), -oris (f.)

tree

architectus, -i (m.)

architect; inventor, designer

arcus, -us (m.)

bow, arc, arch; rainbow; anything arched or curved

ardens, -entis

glowing, fiery, hot, ablaze, burning, eager

ardeo, -ere, arsi, arsum

to be on fire, burn, blaze, be burned, glow

area, -ae (f.)

ground, dry land, open space

arena (harena), -ae (f.)

sand, grains of sand; sandy land or desert; seashore; arena

arma, -orum (n. pl.)

implements, outfit, instruments, tools; implements of war, arms, weapons

ars, artis (f.)

practical skill, art

arvum, -i (n.)

field, cultivated land, plowed land

arx, arcis (f.)

castle, citadel, fortress, stronghold

ascendo (ads-), -ere, -cendi, -censum

to climb, go/climb up; mount, scale; embark; rise, ascend, move upward

aspicio (ads-), -ere, -exi, -ectum

to look at, look upon, behold, look

at, ast

but (introducing a contrast to what precedes)

ater, atra, atrum

black, coal-black, gloomy, dark

Athenae, -arum (f. pl.)

Athens (city in Greece)

athleta, -ae (m.)

wrestler, boxer, athlete, one who is in public games; expert

atque, ac

and; than (correl. with alius); as (correl. with idem)

atrium, -i (n.)

atrium, reception hall in a Roman house

attonitus, -a, -um

astonished, fascinated; stupefied, dazed; inspired

audacia, -ae (f.)

boldness, courage, confidence; recklessness

audax, -acis

bold; courageous; reckless, rash; presumptuous

audeo, -ere, ausus sum

to venture, dare, be bold, dare to do, risk

audio, -ire, -ivi (or -ii), -itum

to hear, listen (to)

aura, -ae (f.)

air (in motion), a breeze, breath of air, wind, blast

Aurelius, -i (m.)

a Roman male name (nomen - name of a Roman gens)

aureus, -a, -um

of gold, golden; gilded; gleaming like gold; splendid

auris, -is (f.)

ear