A Tour of the Cell (ch 6 part 1)

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions related to the structure and function of cells, including organelles, microscopy techniques, and cellular components.

What two types of electron microscopes are used to study subcellular structures?

Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEMs) and Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEMs).

What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

synthesizes proteins and lipids and plays a key role in the manufacturing and transport of cellular products.

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, and DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid.

What is the role of the nuclear envelope?

encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm and is composed of a double membrane.

How do ribosomes function in a eukaryotic cell?

build proteins by using information from the DNA.

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

involved in digesting macromolecules and recycling worn-out organelles through autophagy.

What is the structure of chloroplasts?

thylakoids stacked to form grana and a fluid called stroma inside.

What is the function of mitochondria?

the sites of cellular respiration and ATP production.

How does the endomembrane system facilitate cellular functions?

regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions, connecting various organelles through membranes and vesicles.

What are the three types of fibers that make up the cytoskeleton?

Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

What types of cell junctions are important in animal cells?

Tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions.

What do vacuoles do in plant cells?

store substances and help maintain cell pressure and support.

What is the function of peroxisomes?

contain enzymes that remove hydrogen atoms from substances and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is then broken down.

What is the significance of the plasma membrane?

is a selective barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell.

What role does the central vacuole play in plant cells?

stores nutrients and waste products and helps maintain turgor pressure.