SKELETAL SYSTEM Chapter 7 Self Test

What are the organs of the skeletal system?

Bones, Ligaments, Tendons, Joints, Cartilage.

What are the five major functions of the skeletal system?

Movement, support, storage, protection and hematopolesis.

What are the four categories of bones in the skeleton?

Long bone

Short bone

Irregular bone

Flat bone

What are the major features of a long bone? How does the typical flat bone differ?

Diaphysis (hollow tube made of hard compact bone); medullary cavity (hollow area inside the bone containing yellow bone marrow); epiphyses (ends of the bone; contain red bone marrow); articular cartilage (a thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis—cushions); periosteum (strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone); and endosteum (a thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity). Flat bones have a simpler structure than long bones. The flat bones have a layer of spongy bone sandwiched between outer layers of compact bone.

What is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue called?

Osteon

What are the primary structures of a long bone?

Diaphysis (shaft) hallow tube made of hard compact bone, strong and rigid but light enought to move

Medullary cavity the hallow area inside the diaphysis of bone

Epiphyses the ends of long bone (red bone marrow fills the inside. Yellow marrow may appear as a person ages)

Articular cartilage thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering each epiphysis

Periosteum strong membrane of dense fibrous tissue covering the long bone everwhere except joint surfaces (joint surfaces are covered by Articular cartilage)

Endosteum a thin membrane that lines the mendullary cavity

The thin layer of cartilage on the end of bones where they form joints is called the ________.

Articular cartilage

The hollow area in the shaft of long bones where marrow is located is called the ________.

medullary cavity

 The needlelike threads of spongy bone are called ________.

trabeculae

The structural units of compact bone are called ________.

Harversain systems

Osteocytes and chondrocytes live in small spaces in the matrix called ________.

Lacune

The haversian canal is synonymous with ________ ________.

Central Canal

Bone-forming cells are called ________.

Osteoblast

The process of forming bone from cartilage is called ________.

Endochondral ossification

If a(n) ________ remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis, bone growth can continue.

Epiphyseal plate

The two major divisions of the human skeleton are the ________ skeleton and the ________ skeleton.

Appendicular and Axial

The three types of joints named based on the amount of movement they allow are ________, ________, and ________.

Diarthroses, Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses

The ________ are cords or bands made of strong connective tissue that holds two bones together.

Ligaments

The strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone everywhere except for the joint is called the:

a. endosteum

b. periosteum

c. diaphysis

d. epiphysis

b. periosteum

13. Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

a. mineral storage

b. blood formation

c. heat regulation

d. protection

b. blood formation

The fibrous inner lining of the hollow tube in a long bone is called the:

a. endosteum

b. periosteum

c. diaphysis

d. epiphysis

a. endosteum

The end of a long bone is called the:

a. endosteum

b. periosteum

c. diaphysis

d. epiphysis

d. epiphysis

Match the bones in Column A with their locations in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. ________ ulna

2. ________ mandible

3. ________ humerus

4. ________ metatarsals

5. ________ tibia

6. ________ rib

7. ________ fibula

8. ________ sternum

9. ________ scapula

10. ________ femur

11. ________ metacarpals

12. ________ frontal bone

13. ________ patella

14. ________ zygomatic bone

15. ________ clavicle

16. ________ occipital bone

34. ________ carpals

35. ________ maxilla

a. skull

b. upper extremity

c. trunk

d. lower extremity