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Point mutations
Substitution mutations: one letter is substituted for another
least damaging, chance that the amino acid doesn't change. If it does, good chance that it won't affect overall protein much, if at all.
Frameshift mutations
entire DNA sequence after the mutation is shifted
deletion mutations: one letter is deleted
insertion mutation: one letter is inserted
much more damaging, everything after mutation is shifted + all codons are different, therefore each amino acid, therefore, a diff protein