DNA mutations

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Point mutations

Substitution mutations: one letter is substituted for another

least damaging, chance that the amino acid doesn't change. If it does, good chance that it won't affect overall protein much, if at all.

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Frameshift mutations

entire DNA sequence after the mutation is shifted

deletion mutations: one letter is deleted

insertion mutation: one letter is inserted

much more damaging, everything after mutation is shifted + all codons are different, therefore each amino acid, therefore, a diff protein

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