jcl csk roman history punic wars

What war did the Romans fight from 264-241 BC?

1st Punic War

What were the years fo the First Punic War?

264-241 BC

Where did the Carthaginians originate from?

Phoenicia

The First Punic War broke out because of a conflict with Carthage over what island?

Sicily

What Sicilian city did the Romans besiege in 262 BC?

Agrigentum

What kind of Carthaginian ship did the Romans first model their navy on?

quinquereme

What is a quinquereme?

a ship with five banks of oars

In what year did the Romans besiege Agrigentum?

262 BC

What group of Campanian mercenaries overran Messana after abandoning their agreement to fight for the Syracusans?

Mamertines

What does "Mamertines" mean?

men of mars

What Sicilian city did the Mamertines overrun after abandoning their agreement to fight for Syracuse?

Messana

Who did the Mamertines appeal to for help against the Syracusans?

Carthage

When Carthage refused to leave Messana, who did the Mamertines appeal to for help?

Rome

Why did the Mamertines appeal to Rome for help?

to make Carthage leave Messana

What Sicilian city did the Romans besiege in 264 BC?

Messana

The seige of what city in 264 BC began the First Punic War?

Messana

In what year did the Romans besiege Messana?

264 BC

What Roman admiral won Rome's first major naval battle at Mylae in 260 BC?

Duilius

At what battle in 260 BC did the Rome win its first major naval battle against the Carthaginians?

Mylae

In what year did the Rome win its first major naval battle at Mylae?

260 BC

What grappling hook attached to a plank did the Romans use to board enemy ships?

corvus

What is a "corvus"?

grappling hook attached to a plank

What device did the Romans use to board Carthaginian ships and produce hand to hand combat?

corvus

At what battle in 256 BC did Regulus and the Romans defeat the Carthaginian navy?

Cape Ecnomus

In what year did Regulus defeat the Carthaginians at Cape Ecnomus?

256 BC

What was Regulus' strategy after winning at Cape Ecnomus?

attack Carthage

What Spartan mercenary defeated and captured Regulus at the Bagradas Valley in 255 BC?

Xanthippus

At what battle in 255 BC did the Spartan mercenary Xanthippus help the Carthaginians defeat and capture Regulus?

Bagradas Valley

What Spartan mercenary did the Carthaginians hire to assist against the Romans?

Xanthippus

What Roman was captured after the Bagradas Valley?

Regulus

In what year did the Carthaginians led by Xanthippus defeat Regulus and the Romans?

255 BC

What Roman did the Carthaginians release on the condition that he return to Carthage with acceptable peace terms?

Regulus

What happened when Regulus returned to Carthage after refusing to negotiate peace terms with the Romans?

he was executed

At what battle in 249 BC was the Roman admiral Claudius Pulcher defeated by the Carthaginians?

Drepana

In what year was Claudius Pulcher defeated by the Carthaginians at Drepana?

249 BC

Who threw the sacred chickens overboard before the Drepana because they refused to eat?

Claudius Pulcher

Why did Claudius Pulcher throw the sacred chickens overboard before the Drepana?

they refused to eat

Who reportedly said "if they won't eat, let them drink" before he threw the sacred chickens overboard?

Claudius Pulcher

What did Claudius Pulcher say before he threw the sacred chickens overboard when they refused to eat?

if they won't eat, let them drink

At what battle in 241 BC did the Romans defeat the Carthaginians and end the First Punic War?

Aegates Islands

In what year did the Lutatius Catulus defeat the Carthaginians at the Aegates Islands and end the First Punic War?

241 BC

What Roman admiral defeated Carthage at the Aegates Islands and ended the First Punic War?

Lutatius Catulus

What island did Rome gain control of at the end of the First Punic War?

Sicily

What does the name "Barca" mean in Carthaginian?

blitz / lightning

During the First Punic War who was the most brilliant Carthaginian general?

Hamilcar Barca

What city in Spain is named after Hamilcar Barca?

Barcelona

Who led the effort to rebuild the Carthaginian strength after the First Punic War?

Hamilcar Barca

What Carthaginian made his young son Hannibal swear eternal hatred for Rome in return for the opportunity to join his father's military exploits?

Hamilcar Barca

What war did the Romans fight from 218-202 BC?

Second Punic War

What were the years of the Second Punic War?

218-202 BC

What war began when Carthage crossed the Ebro River in Spain to attack Saguntum?

Second Punic War

What river in Spain did Carthage cross to attack Saguntum?

Ebro River

What treaty from 226 BC did the Carthaginians break by attacking Saguntum?

Ebro River Treaty

In what year did Rome and Carthage establish the Ebro River Treaty?

226 BC

What city did Carthage beseige in 219 BC to begin the Second Punic War?

Saguntum

What Carthaginian negotiated the Ebro River Treaty with Rome in 226 BC?

Hasdrubal

What enemy of Rome crossed the Alps with 37 war elephants in 219 BC?

Hannibal

At what battle in 218 BC did Hannibal defeat Publius Cornelius Scipio and the Romans?

Ticinus River

In what year did Hannibal defeat Publius Cornelius Scipio and the Romans at the Ticinus River?

218 BC

Who saved his father in battle at the Ticinus River in 218 BC?

Scipio Africanus

At what battle in 218 BC did Hannibal defeat Sempronius Longus and the Romans?

Trebia River

In what year did Hannibal defeat Sempronius Longus at the Trebia River?

218 BC

After his victory at the Ticinus River, where did Hannibal defeat the forces of Sempronius Longus?

Trebia River

At what battle in 217 BC did Hannibal entrap and defeat Flaminius and the Romans?

Lake Trasimene

In what year did Hannibal entrap and defeat Flaminius at Lake Trasimene?

217 BC

What Roman general was defeated by Hannibal at Lake Trasimene in 217 BC?

Flaminius

At what battle in 216 BC did Hannibal issues the Romans their worst ever defeat?

Cannae

In what year did Hannibal defeat 80,000 Romans at Cannae?

216 BC

What two generals were horribly defeated by Hannibal at Cannae in 216 BC?

Paulus & Varro

How did Hannibal defeat the Romans at Cannae?

drew the Romans into the center and surrounded them

Which consul died in battle at Cannae in 216 BC?

Aemilius Paulus

What Roman dictator was known as "the delayer"?

Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator

What Roman dictator was known as "the shield of Rome"?

Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator

After Rome's early catastrophic defeats to Hannibal who was made dictator?

Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator

What was Quintus Fabius Maximus' strategy against Hannibal?

stay close and harass him but avoid all out battle

Who adopted a delaying strategy and avoided all out battle with Hannibal when he was appointed dictator?

Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator

What does "Cunctator" mean?

The Delayer

Who was referred to as "the sword of Rome"?

Marcellus

What Roman general captured Syracuse in Sicily in 211 BC?

Marcellus

What Sicilian city did Marcellus capture in 211 BC?

Syracuse

What Syracusan engineer attempted to defend the city from the Romans?

Archimedes

What are the Spolia Opima?

"richest spoils" won by a general who defeated the opposing general in single combat

What award was given to a general who defeated the opposing general in single combat?

Spolia Opima

Who was the third and final Roman to win the Spolia Opima?

Marcellus

Who won the Spolia Opima by defeating Viridomarus in single combat at Clastidium in 222 BC?

Marcellus

Who did Marcellus defeat in single combat to win the Spolia Opima in 222 BC?

Viridomarus

At what battle in 222 BC did Marcellus defeat the Gallic chieftain Viridomarus to win the Spolia Opima?

Clastidium

In what year did Marcellus defeat Viridomarus at Clastidium and win the Spolia Opima?

222 BC

Who won the first Spolia Opima by defeating Acron?

Romulus

Who did Romulus defeat to win the first Spolia Opima?

Acron

Who defeated Tolumnius at Fidenae to win the second Spolia Opima

Cossus

Who did Cossus defeat to win the second Spolia Opima?

Tolumnius

At what battle in 426 BC did Cossus defeat Tolumnius and win the Spolia Opima?

Fidenae

Who famously shouted "Eureka" and ran naked through the streets of Syracuse when he discovered the principle of buoyancy?

Archimedes

What did Archimedes shout as he ran naked through the streets of Syracuse after he discovered the principle of buoyancy?

Eureka

Who said "don't disturb my circles" referring to his drawings in the sand when Roman soldiers came to kill him?

Archimedes

What did Archimedes say when the Romans soldiers came to kill him?

Don't distub my circles

What brother of Hannibal defended Spain while Hannibal invaded Italy?

Hasdrubal

What city in Spain did Scipio Africanus capture in 209 BC?

Carthago Nova

What Roman general captured Carthago Nova in 209 BC?

Scipio Africanus