spinal cord

spinal cord runs from — to —

foramen magnum to L1 L2

the spinal cord is protected by

vertebrae, adipose tissue, spinal meninges, cerebrospinal fluid

spinal meninges

dura mater, arachnoid mater

dura mater

outer meninge, tough single layered membrane deep to the epidural space

arachnoid mater

middle layer of meninges, collagen and elastic fibers

pia mater

deepest meninge, delicate transparent inner layer

space between arachnoid mater and pia mater

subarachnoid space (filled with cerebrospinal fluid)

spinal cord functions

carry sensory and motor info, spinal reflexes

is the spinal cord divided into right and left halves

yes

—- matter surrounds a centrally located H shaped mass of — mater

white matter, gray matter

dorsal horns

cell bodies and axons of incoming sensory info

ventral horns

cell bodies of motor neurons

lateral horns

present only in thoracic and upper lumbar regions, contains cell boides of ANS motor neurons

are spinal nerves apart of CNS or PNS

PNS

spinal nerves follow same numbers of vertebra except …

8 pairs of cervical nerves not 7

meningitis

inflammation of the meninges and is a serious threat to the brain since bacterial or viral meningitis can spread to the cns

in the brain the dura mater …

folds over itself

cerebrospinal fluid

clear , colorless liquid that carries O , glucose , to neurons and neuroglia and removes waste

4 main parts of the brain

diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum, cerebrum

diencephalon consists of ..

thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland

brain stem consists of ..

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

cerebrum consists of…

frontal lobe, occipital lobe.. parietal lobe, temporal lobe.. insula

thalamus

relay and proccessing center for sensory info

hypothalamus

centers controlling emotions and hormone production

pons

relays sensory info to cerebellum and thalamus

medulla oblongata

relays sensory info to thalamus

cerebellum

coordinates complex somatic motor patterms