LECTURE 5 & 6

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from lectures on telescopes and volcanism, including definitions of telescope types, eruption characteristics, and geological terms.

Optical Telescopes

Telescopes that detect visible wavelengths, similar to human eyes.

Light Buckets

Telescopes, as they collect light (electromagnetic radiation).

Refracting Telescopes

Early telescopes (Galileo) using a lens to focus light; costly, heavy, and poor color focus.

Reflecting Telescopes

Modern telescopes using mirrors to focus light; lighter and avoid refracting telescope color issues.

Largest Refracting Telescope Fact

1897, University of Chicago: 102cm diameter, 19.7cm lens length.

Improving Telescope Resolution

Larger telescopes collect more light, increasing image resolution.

Atmospheric Turbulence

Earth's atmosphere causes issues for ground telescopes; mitigated by high mountains or remote sites.

Hubble Space Telescope

Well-known UV telescope tracking ultraviolet waves.

Telescope Uses

Imaging, spectroscopy (analyzing light color), and timing (tracking light output).

Volcanism

Study of volcanoes.

Magma

Molten rock beneath Earth's surface.

Igneous Rock

Rock formed when magma cools en route to surface.

Plutonic Rock

Rock formed when magma cools slowly and solidifies deep underground.

Lava

Erupted magma flowing on Earth's surface.

Pyroclastics

Fragments (glass, rock, lava) ejected from volcanoes during eruptions.

Effusive Eruptions

Gentle volcanic eruptions; lava flows slowly down volcano sides.

Explosive Eruptions

Violent, dangerous eruptions from high pressure and magma viscosity.

Magma Viscosity

Magma's resistance to flow (temp & SiO_2); higher viscosity favors explosive eruptions.

Magma Volatiles

Dissolved gases (H2O, CO2, SO2) in magma; higher concentrations mean more violent eruptions.

Eruption Type Factors

Volcano slope, vent size, surface temp, and effusion rate determine effusive vs. explosive eruptions.