Stat 211: Elementary Inferential Statistics

These flashcards cover key concepts and statistical terms introduced in the Stat 211: Elementary Inferential Statistics course.

Frequency Distribution

A representation that shows the frequency of various outcomes in a sample.

Relative Frequency

The proportion of the total in each category, calculated as the frequency of the category divided by the sum of all frequencies.

Bar Chart

A graph used to display categorical data, with bars that do not touch each other.

Histogram

A type of bar chart that represents the frequency distribution of quantitative data, where bars touch each other.

Mean

The arithmetic average of a set of numbers, calculated by dividing the sum of values by the number of values.

Median

The middle value of a dataset when the numbers are arranged in order.

Mode

The value that occurs most frequently in a dataset.

Interquartile Range (IQR)

The range in which the middle 50% of data points lie, calculated as Q3 - Q1.

Outlier

A data point that differs significantly from other observations, potentially indicating variability in the measurement or an experimental error.

Boxplot

A graphical summary of a dataset that highlights the median, quartiles, and potential outliers.

Percentile

A measure used in statistics indicating the value below which a given percentage of observations fall.

Variance

A statistical measurement that describes the degree of spread in a set of values; it is the average of the squared differences from the Mean.

Standard Deviation

A statistic that measures the dispersion of a dataset relative to its mean, calculated as the square root of the variance.

Skewed Distribution

A distribution that is not symmetric, with one tail longer than the other, indicating an asymmetry in frequency.

Weighted Mean

A type of average that gives different weights to different values based on their importance.