Industrialization - US History Final

What factors allowed for industrialization to succeed in the US?

Natural resources, a growing population, new technology, and a strong transportation network helped industrialization succeed.

What government policies or approaches to the economy helped businesses to grow?

The government followed laissez-faire policies, kept low taxes, allowed free markets, and supported protective tariffs.

What tactics were used by big businesses to create monopolies?

Businesses used horizontal integration (buying out competitors), vertical integration (controlling all steps of production), and formed trusts to eliminate competition.

Why were big business leaders referred to as captains of industry?  Robber barons?

They were called captains of industry for driving innovation and economic growth, but robber barons for using ruthless tactics and exploiting workers.

What major inventions were developed during the industrial era?

Key inventions included the telephone, light bulb, typewriter, sewing machine, and advances in steel production and electricity.

What were conditions like in factories?

Factories were often dangerous, crowded, and dirty, with long hours, low wages, and few safety regulations.

Why were children and women used to work in factories?

They were paid less, could do small or detailed work, and families needed every member to earn money to survive.

What was the purpose of labor unions?

Labor unions aimed to protect workers’ rights by fighting for better wages, shorter hours, and safer working conditions.

Compare the goals and membership of the Knights of Labor versus the American Federation of Labor.

Knights welcomed all workers and wanted broad reforms; AFL included only skilled workers and focused on wages 

How did workers attempt to gain shorter work days and higher wages?

They went on strike, formed unions, and bargained for better pay and shorter hours.

How did the government restrict monopolies and trusts?

Passed laws like the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up monopolies and limit unfair business.

What were the negative effects of industrialization?

Poor working conditions, child labor, pollution, and income inequality.