Understanding Mental Illness: Etiology and Treatment

These flashcards cover various aspects related to the understanding, classification, and treatment of mental illness as discussed in the lecture.

Criteria for Distinguishing Normality from Abnormality

Context surrounding behavior changes as a function of particular time and culture.

Cultural Relativism

Cultural norms and values of a society can only be understood on their own terms or in their own context.

Etiology

Causal description of all factors contributing to the development of illness that determines the care one receives.

Supernatural Etiology

Origins of mental illness attributed to evil/demonic spirits, displeasure of gods, and other non-physical factors.

Somatogenic Etiology

Origins of mental illness attributed to physical/bodily factors such as genetics and brain damage.

Psychogenic Etiology

Origins of mental illness attributed to psychological factors, including stressful or traumatic experiences.

Trephination

An ancient surgical practice of drilling a hole into the skull to treat psychological disorders.

Humorism

A theory by Hippocrates that mental illness is due to imbalances in four bodily fluids: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.

Moral Treatment

A therapeutic approach attributed to Chiarughi, Pinel, and Tuke that focuses on improving patient conditions and treating individuals with dignity.

Dorothea Dix

An advocate for the establishment of state hospitals and humanitarian treatment for the mentally ill.

Kraepelin's Classification

A system for classifying mental disorders based on patterns of symptoms and syndromes that led to the development of the DSM.

DSM (Diagnostic Statistical Manual)

A classification system for mental disorders published by the APA, detailing clinical diagnoses, psychosocial stressors, and level of functioning.

International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)

A diagnostic classification developed by the WHO that provides a framework for all health conditions worldwide.

Biopsychosocial Model

Model suggesting that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors all influence the development of mental disorders.

Mesmerism

An early version of hypnotism developed by Franz Anton Mesmer, used to treat hysterical symptoms through animal magnetism.

Psychoanalysis

A psychotherapeutic approach developed by Freud that focuses on gaining insights and emotional relief from traumatic experiences.

Somatogenic Treatments in the Mid-20th Century

Involved electro-convulsive shock therapy, restraints, and lobotomies as primary treatments for mental illness.