AP bio penguins unit 3

glucose (C6H1206)

input for glycolysis?

glycolysis

what step comes first in cellular respiration?

2 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate

output of glycolysis?

cytosol (NOT mitochondrial matrix)

where does glycolysis occur?

makes ATP in the substrate (substrate level phosphorylation), NADH carries electrons to ETC, breaks down glucose to pyruvate

what does glycolysis do?

pyruvate oxidation (intermediate)

what is the second (intermediate) step of cellular respiration?

pyruvate

what is the input for pyruvate oxidation?

1 CO2, 1NADH, 1 Acetyl CoA

what is the output of pyruvate oxidation?

mitochondrial matrix

Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?

NADH carries electrons to ETC, prepares pyruvate for Krebs cycle

why is pyruvate oxidation important?

krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) (TCA)

what is the third step in cellular respiration?

Acetyl CoA

what is the input for the Krebs cycle

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, 2 CO2

what is the output for the Krebs cycle

mitochondrial matrix

where does the Krebs cycle occur?

makes ATP, NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to ETC, completes breakdown of glucose

why is the Krebs cycle important?

oxidative phosphorylation

what is the final step of cellular respiration?

Electrons (NADH and FADH2), O2

what is the input for oxidative phosphorylation?

ATP (30-32), H2O

what is the output for oxidative phosphorylation

mitochondrial cristae

where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

electrons provide energy for proton gradient production, highest ATP yield

why is oxidative phosphorylation important?

NO (Electrons are passed from one member of the transport chain to another in a series of redox reactions. Energy released in these reactions is captured as a proton gradient, which is then used to make ATP in a process called chemiosmosis.)

does the electron transport chain (ETC) produce ATP

produce the proton gradient

what is the role of the ETC (cellular respiration)

intermembrane space

where are the protons from the ETC pumped (cellular respiration)

pumping protons through membrane bound ATP synthase produces ATP

how does the proton gradient produce ATP? (cellular respiration)

light (dependent) reactions

what is the first step of photosynthesis

photons, h2o

what is the input of light reactions

ATP, NADPH, O2

what is the output of light reactions?

thylakoid membrane

where do light reactions occur?

ATP produced fuels Calvin cycle, NADPH shuttles electrons for reduction of carbon

why are light reactions important?

thylakoid space

where are protons in photosynthesis pumped?

water

what resupplies the lost electron in PS II (photosystem II)?

linear electron flow

the PSs (photysystems) function in series and electrons are transferred all the way from water to NADP+with production of NADPH and ATP naturally following

cyclic electron flow

recycles electrons around PS I (photosystem I) by rerouting them from ferredoxin (Fd) to plastoquinone (PQ)

calvin cycle (dark reactions) (light independent reactions)

what is the second step of photosynthesis

6 NADPH, 9 ATP

input of the Calvin cycle?

G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, a sugar)

output of the Calvin cycle?

stroma

where does the Calvin cycle occur?

stores energy in the form of G3P, turns inorganic carbon into organic carbon

why is the Calvin cycle important?