History Final: Civil War and Reconstruction

Amnesty

Government pardon

Arsenal

Place where guns are stored

Black codes

Southern laws severely limiting the rights of AAs after the Civil War

Border State

Slave state that remained in the union during Civil War

Civil War

War between people of the same country

Draft

Law that requires ppl of certain age to enlist in military

Emancipate

To set free

Fugitive slave act

Law passed in 1850, required all citizens to aid in capture of runaway slaves

Habeas Corpus

The right not to be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime

Impeach

Charge public official with a serious wrongdoing

Jim Crow Laws

Laws that separate ppl of diff races in public places in South

Martial Law

Rule by army instead of elected gov.

Popular Sovereignty (abbrv. pop.sov.)

In mid 1800’s, idea each territory could choose whether or not to allow slavery by vote

Reconstruction

Rebuilding of South after Civil War

Secede

Withdraw membership in a group

Segregation

Separation of pol based on racial, ethnic, or other differences

Sharecropper

Person who rents a plot of land from another person and farms it for a share of crop

Siege

Military blockade or bombardment of enemy town it position in order to force surrender

Total War

All out war affecting civilians and soldiers

Treason

Acts against one’s country

Who won the election of 1860 and which party was he from?

Abraham Lincoln; Republican

1st state to secede

South Carolina

Name of the country formed by seceding states

Confederate States of America (CSA)

Where and why were the first shots fired?

Fort Sumter; CSA strat for independence

What advantages did the Union have?

• larger pop.

• More factories

• 70% of nation’s railroads

• Stronger navy

• Lots of trading ships

What advantages did the CSA have?

• fighting defensive war

• Familiar w/ land

• Often guided by friendly civilians

2 warships in first ironclad battle

CSS. Virginia and USS. Monitor

Single bloodiest day in US history

Antietam

Bloodiest battle of war

Gettysburg

How many Americans died in the war?

620,000

13th amendment

Abolished slavery

14th amendment

Gave AAs citizenships

15th amendment

Gave AA men voting rights

Which amendments were passed after the Civil war?

13,14,15

Missouri Compromise

• proposed by Henry Clay

• MO and ME admitted as states

• No slaves above 36’30’N

• Keep free and slave states =

Compromise of 1850

• proposed by Clay, Calhoun, Webster

• CA free state

• MX cession divided into NM and Ut territories

• No slave trade in WA D.C.

• Fugitive Slave Law

Free Soil and Republican Parties

• Both

  • wanted to stop spread of slavery

• Free Soil Party

  • Members of Northern Dem. And Whigs

• Republican Party

  • Members of all 3 parties

Kansas-Nebraska act

• Proposed by Stephen Douglas

• Pop. Sov.

• KS and NE new territories

• South=yes

• North=no

Bleeding Kansas

• led to violence

• Pro/anti-slavery ppl move to KS to swat vote

• Border Ruffians

  • pro-slavery ppl from MO who voted illegally

• Anti-slavery rebel who killed 5 ppl

Lincoln and Douglas ran for this

US senate seat

What did each believe about slavery?

• Douglas

  • pop.sov. for states but personally against it

• Lincoln

  • stop spread of slavery, but personally thought it was moral wrong

Why were the Lincoln-Douglas debates important?

Made Lincoln popular and helped him win election

First battle of Civil War

The Battle of Bull Run

Who won the Battle of Antietam?

The union won this battle

What pressures did Lincoln face before the war?

• end the war in 90 days

• Make war about abolition

Why was winning the Battle of Antietam significant?

• remoralized North and swayed public opinion on war

• Allowed Lincoln to deliver EP

Who wrote the EP?

Abraham Lincoln wrote the EP

When did EP go into effect? What did it do?

Freed slaves in rebelling states on Jan 1 1863

How did the EP solve some of Lincoln’s problems?

• England and France back off bc they already have abolition

• Gave war moral purpose

What was the Union Capital?

Washington D.C.

What was the capital of the CSA

Richmond, Virginia

Important Northern Generals

• George Mclellan (1861-1862)

• Ambrose Burnside (1862-1864)

• Ulysses S. Grant (1864-1865)

Important Southern general

Robert E. Lee

Union Strat

• blockade ports to cut off supplies

• Capture Richmond

• Seize MS river to split CSA in two

CSA Strat

• Defensive war:don’t lose

• Wait it out, hope Union gives up and European countries recognize it

Why did both sides have military draft?

• soldier shortage

• N=war unpopular

• S=less pop.

Why were their riots in North esp NYC?

• War was unpopular

• Rich could pay poor to fight or pay off gov.

• Ppl didnt want to enlist

Why was siege of Vicksburg significant?

Union gained control of MS river

Why did CSA want to win Battle of Gettysburg?

Bring war to D.C.

Who delivered the Gettysburg address?

Abraham Lincoln delivered this speech

Who captured Atlanta?

William T. Sherman

Where did Sherman go after capturing Atlanta?

The Atlantic Coast

Where did Lee surrender?

Appomattox Courthouse

Conditions in North after the war

• not much rebuilding

• Production picked up again

• Jobs became available

• Political disagreements abt how former slaves and South should be treated

Conditions in South after war

• Destroyed

  • railroads and money were useless

• Questioning what state gov. would look like

• Distrusted North

Freedman’s Bureau

• agency made by congress to help former slaves

Who took over after Lincoln was assassinated?

Vice President Andrew Johnson

Radical Republicans

• republicans in congress who felt Johnson wasn’t doing enough for Reconstruction

• Later took charge of reconstruction

KKK

• kept AA ppl and white republicans from voting

• Murdered hundreds or thousands of ppl

Why was Johnson impeached?

• vetoed most of legislation passed by RR

• Fired military leaders that supported RR

Compromise of 1877

Hayes agreed to end Reconstruction and remove fed troops in return for Southern Democratic support to win the election