Allegory
The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning
Allusion
A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art
Analogy
A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them
Anecdote
a short amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.
Antecedent
The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun
Aphorism
A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle
Atmosphere
The emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author’s choice of objects that are described
Clause
A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb
Didactic
the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles (in Greek it means teaching)
Euphemism
a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept
Motif
a symbolic image or idea that appears frequently in a story
Paradox
A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity
Parody
A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule
Point of View
the perspective from which a story is told
Rhetoric
the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively
Satire
A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule
Semantics
The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another
Syntax
The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentence
Theme
The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life
Tone
Similar to mood, this describes the author’s attitude toward his material, the audience, or both