1.4 - Organelles

What are the organelles of importance?

Cytoplasm, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, vacuoles, nucleus, cytosol, chloroplast, mitochondria, cell wall, plasma membrane

Cytosol

Cytosol - The fluid that all the organelles float in

Cytoplasm - Cytosol + organelles (not nucleus)

Protoplasm - Cytoplasm + nucleus

Nucleus

Controls the cell's functions

Has a part in it that creates ribosomes (proteins)

Nucleoles - synthesis of ribosomes

Nuclear pores - let things in and out of the cell

Mitochondria

Site of cellular respiration

Site of major ATP production

Double membrane

Contains its own genetic information

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Grana - Stacks of thylakoids, where chlorophyll is stored

Stroma - The aqueous fluid filling the cavities in chloroplast

Has its own DNA

Double membranous

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis

Not membrane bound

Found in both Pro and Eu cells

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Network of membranous tubes that contain ribosomes on the tubules and help synthesize proteins and transport to the golgi body

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Network of membranous tubes that mainly synthesize lipids (fats) and transport them to the golgi body

Golgi Body (AU Post)

Stores, packages and modifies organic material

Vesicles

Things are stored in vesicles and then transported out of the cell (exocytosis)

Lysosomes (cleaning crew)

40 Enzymes

Destroys foreign particles

Destroys damaged organelles

Both animal and plant cells

Takes anything unnecessary within the cell and generally engulfs it (through phagocytosis)

Plastids (chloroplast is the most common)

Colour and functions

Amyloplasts (leukoplasts) (produce, break down and store starches)

Chromoplasts (Colour)

Most generally found in plants

Cell wall

Gives structure to the plant, fungi, and bacteria cells

Chitin in fungi (kaiten)

Peptidoglycan in bacteria

Permeable to most things except for big stuff that the cell doesn't need

Cytoskeleton

Internal framework of the cell (make sure cell doesn't collapse in on itself)

Assists movement of materials in the cell and of the cell (if required)

Vacuole

Storage

Large and permanent in plant cells

Small and temporary in animal cells