Unit 5 Supreme Court Cases

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Judiciary Acts are ruled unconstitutional. Establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review.

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Only the federal government can regulate interstate commerce under the Commerce & Supremacy Clauses.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

The national bank is constitutional under the necessary and proper clause. States cannot tax the federal government under the Supremacy clause.

Schenck v. United States (1919)

The Espionage Act is constitutional and does not violate the 1st amendment because of the "clear and present danger" the protests presented to the U.S. war effort.

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

Executive Order 9066 and the internment camps were ruled constitutional because of the threat that Japanese Americans presented in the war effort against Japan.

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Under the 4th amendment, evidence illegally gathered by the police may not be used in a criminal trial

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Under the 6th Amendment, the court ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings.

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Under the 1st Amendment, students do not lose their right to protest peacefully when they enter school.

School officials can also suppress speech that interferes with operation of the school.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

5th Amendment self-incrimination clause requires government agents to warn suspects of their right to remain silent and/or contact an attorney before questioning them when they are in custody. Statements made without Miranda Warning are inadmissible in court (like the exclusionary rule for evidence)

The government warning also includes the 6th amendment right to an attorney.

New Jersey v. TLO (1985)

School searches without warrants are allowed as long as there is probable cause. Students are still protected for unreasonable searches under the 4th amendment.

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

Flag-burning is symbolic speech with a political purpose and is protected by 1st Amendment.

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)

Approved busing and redrawing district lines as ways of integrating public schools

Griggs v. Duke Power (1971)

the Court put the burden on employers to show that an employment policy whose effect is discriminatory, even if discrimination was not the intent of the policy, is a "business necessity."

Leandro v. NC

School System Funding - Ruling- North Carolina was not meeting the educational needs of its poverty-stricken students; therefore funding of schools needed to be restructured so impoverished counties could provide access to a good education by recruiting better teachers, providing better resources, etc

Roper v. Simmons (2005)

Execution of offenders for crimes committed while under the age of 18 is unconstitutional