History Test 2 Info

Birth Rate

the rate per year at which babies are born - it is declining worldwide but much faster in core countries - despite this is still much higher then it was in the past

Infant Mortality Rate

the rate at which babies survive through a certain period of time, affects population rates, usually connected to healthcare. Much lower in core v. peripheral

Death Rate

how many people are dying in a place per year, often in comparison to birth rate - comes into population policies and population issues, as well

Dependency Ratio

the number of young and old people (dependent people) compared to the amount of people who can work (support the dependent people, 18-65 ages). Do you have enough working persons to support the non-working population.

Emigration

leaving a place

Immigration

entering a place

Voluntary Migration

leaving a place voluntarily/of free will

Involuntary migration

forced migration due to non-sustainable life

refugees

A type of displaced person, a person outside of their own country, usually under some kind of threat

internally displaced persons

Difference from Refugee - a person who had to move away from a country/home. Internally displaced persons, a person who is displaced within their own country. 

rural to urban migration

much more common in the US and recently, affected by job opportunities but mostly lifestyles change/choices.

push factors

ex) lack of healthcare, war, bad climate, bad government - factors that force a person out of their original home (running from something)

pull factors

ex) a new climate, better healthcare, better education, job opportunities, stable government - a factor that brings a desire for a person to move to a new place (running to a place)

Malthusian Theories

Thomas Malthus, On the Issues of Population: 1) humans need food to survive 2) passion between men and women is constant; food will run out and planet will be overpopulated.

Population policies def.

Policies to restrict or boost the population in a place that need a change.

population policies ex.

restrictions on #of children (China)

financial support or incentive (Sweden) Reproductive rights vs. lack thereof

immigration policies

funding of healthcare/parental leave (USA only core to not have this)

things that Malthus ignored in theories

Didn’t consider contraceptives and rapid food production (advanced tech).

folk vs. popular cultures

folk culture is older and more traditional, popular culture is newer and changes more often based on people - folk culture is being wiped out more and more depending on area (mcworld type situation). Popular culture is more common in most industry type things

cultural traits

language, food, music, dress, fashion, etc. Traits that define what it means to be a member of a certain culture/group

fundamentalism

Extreme religion where the persons believe that the original way is the best way - the most extreme version of something. The strictest version, normally the least common (“true” original version) ex. Hamas in Palestine

geopolitics

ability of a state to control its territory, the ability of a state to control/manage relationships w/ other states

nation

nation is a group of people with the same culture/understanding

state

 a territory controlled by one government encompassed by borders

nation-state

a group of people with a shared cultural understanding (a nation) that becomes a state under one government (a state). A state that is also Nation. Only examples are The Vatican and Iceland

nationalism

a nation of people who want to be their own state/ruled by their own people

patriotism

contradictory trends of borders

 borders becoming more open, borders becoming more closed (border policy changes)

stateless people

People that have been driven out of their country and are living in another country and therefore not represented by any government, not allowed in their own country for some reason (ex. Rohingya, Soon to be Palestinians).

failed/fragile states

a state that can not control its borders/people

reasons for failure

corrupt gov., weak geopolitical state, civil unrest, natural disasters, environmental distress, environmental disasters, power hungry military