ch 14 metabolic diversity of microbes

Assimilative

incorporate inorganic into cells, use ATP

Dissimilative

uses inorganice but no incorporation, conserves energy

carboxysomes protects what from O2

RubisCO

Reaction centers 

membrane bound, photocomplexes, 

antenna pigments

surround reaction center, and funnel light into the reaction center

chlorosomes

capture light and help microbes grow in low light intensity

anoxygenic photosynthesis has two classes of reaction centers

Q-type and FeS-type

anoxygenic purple bacteria 

uses Q-type, P870>Bchl a>Bph a> quinine> cytochromes> pmf> e- (cyclic photophosphorylation)

anoxygenic green bacteria

uses FeS-type, p840>chl a> FeS>Fd/Mq>cytochromes>pmf

oxygenic cyanobacteria 

uses both Q and FeS-type, P680=Q, P700=FeS

noncyclic photophosphorylation

nitrosomonas

ammonia oxidizer 

nitrobacter

nitrite oxidizer

nitrite oxidizers oxidize NO2 into NO3 using

(NXR) nitrite oxidoreductase

anammox nitrite reduced

makes pmf>ATP

anammox nitrite oxidized 

CO2 fixation 

sulfur bacteria

final product is SO4, S stores in cell fro energy, acidophiles

acetogenesis 

reduce CO2 by reductive Acetyl-CoA pathway, acetogens are gram (+)

methane oxidation: serine pathway

intermediates AAs and TCA, output is Aceytl CoA

methane oxidation: RMP pathway

formaldehyde, intermediate aer sugars, output G3P

lactic acid fermentation: homofermentative 

lactic acid, and 2 ATP

lactic acid fermentation: heterofermentative 

ethanol, lactate, CO2, 1 ATP 

secondary fermenters

use product as substrate for more fermentation, product H2 and CO2

syntrophy (DIET)

direct between cells and nanowires

syntrophy (MIET)

diffusion of metabolic products.

oxygenease 

catalyze O2 into organic 

monoxygenase

one oxygen incorporated the second turned into H2O

anammox fix CO2 using the

reductive Acetyl CoA pathway.

3 ways to achieve redox balance

electron bifurcation, coupled reactions, reverse electron transport.

obligate anaerbic fermenters: clostridia

sacchaorlytic and proteolytic