Chapter 15: Nonrenewable Energy
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20 Terms
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Thorium- based reactors
Cheaper and safer but research and development are needed.
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Photochemical
Products of oil distillation, raw materials for industrial organic chemicals.
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Proven oil reserves
Identified deposits that can be extracted profitably with current technology.
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Business net profit
Total money taken in minus all expenses.
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The first law of thermodynamics
It takes high-quality energy to get high-quality points. Pumping oil from the ground, refining it, transporting it.
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The second law of thermodynamics
Some high-quality energy is wasted at every step
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Net Energy
Total amount of useful energy available from a resource minus the energy needed to make the energy available to consumers
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Business net profit
Total money taken in minus all expenses
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New energy ratio
ratio of energy produced to energy used to produce it
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Peak production
the time after which production from a good declines
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Photochemical
Products of oil distillation, raw materials for industrial organic chemicals
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Proven oil reserves
Identified deposits that can be extracted profitably with current technology
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Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
Low net energy yield and makes the U.S. dependent upon unstable countries like Russia and Iran
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Coal
solid fossil fuel
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Three largest coal-burning countries
China, the United States, and Canada
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Nuclear fusion
Fuse lighter elements into heavier elements, with no risk of meltdown or significant radioactivity release
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Refining
Heating crude oil to separate it into various fuels and other components with different boiling points in a complex process
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Petrochemicals
the 2% of the products of refining; used for raw materials to make industrial organic chemicals, cleaning fluids, pesticides, plastics, synthetic fibers, paints, medicines, cosmetics, ice cream, and many other products
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Fracking
High-pressure pumps shoot a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals into the well; the pressure builds up and creates cracks so that the oil/natural gas can flow up to the surface
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Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
When propane and butane gases are liquefied under high pressure
