Transition metals

Transition element

Element forming one or more ions with incomplete d-subshell

D block element

Element where the d sub-shell/ d-orbital has the highest energy electron

Ligand

Donates a lone pair to form a coordinate bond with a metal ion

Complex

A central metal atom or ion surrounded by ligands joined by coordinate bonds

Coordinate number

The number of coordinate bonds to the central metal or ion

Ligand structures

Monodentate ligand

Forms one coordinate bond to the transition metal ion using one lone pair of electrons

• H₂O: :NH₃ :Cl^- :CN^- :OH^- :CO

Cis-Platin: Anti-cancer drug

• Advantages - Kills cancer cells

• Disadvantages - Hair loss and fertility issues

Bidentate ligands

Donates two lone pairs to form two coordinate bonds

How haemoglobin transports oxygen around the body via ligand substitution

O₂ co-ordinately bonds with Fe²⁺ and then once transported, it is replaced by H₂O or CO₂

Why carbon monoxide is toxic

It forms a stronger coordinate bond than oxygen. This prevents the transport of oxygen around the body

Dichromate ions oxidation states

Chromium oxidation states

Manganese oxidation state

What is a catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of reaction but isnt used up in the reaction

Why are transition metals good catalysts

They have variable oxidation states

Health risks of using transition metals

• Long term exposure to copper can cause kidney and liver damage

• Exposure to manganese can cause psychiatric problems