history unit 1: the ascent of the jury

what are the 3 kinds of trials

by oath

by ordeal

by combat

what is trial by oath

the accused swears truth or denial of accusation

what is trial by ordeal

ordeal of cold or hot water

sink=innocent, float=guilty

what is trial by combat

death matches

what did the 1666 assize of clarendon create

the presentment jury

what are presentment juries or grand juries

juries that make accusations

what did the 4th lateran council abolish

the ordeals

what are petit juries

juries that render verdict

what do grand juries or presentment juries do

make indictments

what is an inquest

12 people that render truth

what is a freeholder

someone who holds property

what is a jury foreman

person in charge of juries

what is a palladium

sacred object

juror knowledge was what

self informing

libel

defaming

what does John Lilburne argue in his first trail

that juries judge both law and fact

what does John Lilburne argue in his second trial

against the death penalty and how juries must review the law

what is the Lilburne shift

juries deciding law by consequence goes to juries deciding law as protest

main ideas of Bushel’s case

juries and judges can disagree on evidence, juries have valuable ideas, and juries can’t be punished

what happened in Bushel’s case

2 men were charged with unlawful assembly

jury acquits them so the jury was fined

the englishman’s right significance

judges assist juries and juries decide fact and law

what happened in the trail of the 7 bishops

7 bishops refuse to read proclamation of indulgence and are responsible for the glorious revolution

what is jury nullification

jurors can’t be punished and defendants can’t be re-tried