Studied by 3 people
Foraminifera
radiolara
plasmodium
malaria cycle
female pinecone
male pinecone
monocot vs dicot
fern
moss
bryophyta
trypanosome
rotatoria
coccus
spherical
bacillus
rod shaped
spirillus or spirochete
spiral
cynobacteria
bacteria
euglena
diatoms
brown algae
red algae
Chlorophytes - Spirogyra
Chlorophytes - Volvox
Chlorophytes - Ulva
Trypanosoma
Ciliates - Paramecium
Ciliates - Vorticella
Foraminifera
Radiolaria
Amoeba
protists
range from the microscopic, single-celled
(a) Acanthocystis turfacea
(b) ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, both visualized here using light microscopy, to the enormous, multicellular
(c) kelps (Chromalveolata) that extend for hundreds of feet in underwater “forests.”
protist
-Classified into the Domain Eukarya & the Kingdom Protista
-Complexity and diversity of protists makes them difficult to classify
-Cannot be classified as plants, animals, or fungi
Morphology
-Most are unicellular, not all!
-Many with amazingly high level of structural and functional complexity
protist
most are free living
protists
some are parasitic
protist
asexual reproduction common and sexual may occur when conditions deteriorate
Photoautotrophic forms
Produce oxygen
Function as producers in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems
Major component of plankton
algae
refers to many phyla of protists that carry out photosynthesis
green algae: chlamydomonas
actively moving flagellate
ulva
multicellular green algae
volvox
a colony is a loose association of independent cells
red algae
-multicellular
-about 5,00 species
-mostly live in warmer sea water
brown algae
-about 1,500 species
-most live in colder ocean waters along rocky coasts
-no unicellular or colonial brown forms
diatoms
the most numerous unicellular algae in the oceans
amoeboids
protists that move and ingest their food with pseudopods
phagolysomes
amoeboids use this to digest food
streptophytes
the green plants or charophytes
embryophytes
the land plants
bryophytes
seedless plants that are nonvascular
liverworts, hornworts, and mosses
examples of bryophytes
club mosses, quillworts, and spike mosses
examples of lycophytes
whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns
pterphytes
lycophytes and pterophytes
other types of seedless plants but are vascular
gymnosperms and angiosperms
examples of spermatophytes
spermatophytes
seed plants
haplontic
refers to the life cycle in which there is a dominant haploid stage
diplontic
refers to a life cycle in which diploid is a dominant stage (humans are diplontic)
gametophyte
haploid
sporophyte
diploid
streprophytes
land plants and closely related to green algae are part of a new monophyletic group
charales
the closest living relative of land plants
hepaticophyta
asexual reproduction involved production of gemmae that can develop int gametophyte
Sori
appear as small bumps on the underside of a fern frond
homosporous
most ferns are
vascular tissue
xylem and phloem
xylem
transports water and minerals from roots upward to the shoot system
phloem
carries organic nutrients upward or downward within plant
rhizome
ferns have an underground stem anchored by roots
gametophytes
photosynthetic autotrophs
sporophyte
siploid
gametophyte
haploid
pterophyta
fern
lycophyta
club moss
mycelium
composed of threadlike filaments also called hyphae
spores
formed in hyphae or in sporangia
fungi
haploid but reproduce sexually and asexually
zygomycota
black bread mold
ascomycota
truffles, morels, and yeast
basidiomycota
mushrooms
deuteromycota
parasites such as athletes foot and ringworm
penicillium
first antibiotic included in deuteromycota
mutualism
both members benefit from the association
lichen
fungus and alga
crustose, foliose, and fructicose
3 forms of lichen
crustose
thin crust that tightly attaches to trees or rocks
foliose
thicker than crustose but have a flattened body
fructicose
branched erect body forms
gymnosperms
-have roots, stems and leaves
-have xylem and phloem vascular tissue
-produce seeds in cone
ginko, pine, mormon tea, conifer
examples of gymnosperms
angiosperms
flower structure
carpel
fermale reproductive structure in flowers
stamen
male reproductive structure in flower
sepals
enclose flower before opening
the seed
ovule inside the ovary becomes
angiosperms
flowering plants
dormacy
helps survive harsh periods before germinating
seed
-embryo protected by integument
-an extra layer of sporophyte tissue
-hardens into seed coat
male gametophytes
-within pollen grains
-dispersed by wind or pollinator
-no need for water
female gametophytes
-develop within an ovule
-enclosed within diploid sporophyte tissue in angiosperms
coniferophyta
cycadophyta
gnetophyta
ginkophyta
examples of gymnosperms
Note 
Flashcard (20)