LAB 2 test

Foraminifera

radiolara

plasmodium

malaria cycle

female pinecone

male pinecone

monocot vs dicot

fern

moss

bryophyta

trypanosome

rotatoria

coccus

spherical

bacillus

rod shaped

spirillus or spirochete

spiral

cynobacteria

bacteria

euglena

diatoms

brown algae

red algae

Chlorophytes - Spirogyra

Chlorophytes - Volvox

Chlorophytes - Ulva

Trypanosoma

Ciliates - Paramecium

Ciliates - Vorticella

Foraminifera

Radiolaria

Amoeba

protists

range from the microscopic, single-celled

(a) *Acanthocystis turfacea*

(b) ciliate *Tetrahymena thermophila*, both visualized here using light microscopy, to the enormous, multicellular

(c) kelps (Chromalveolata) that extend for hundreds of feet in underwater “forests.” 

protist

\-Classified into the Domain Eukarya & the Kingdom Protista

\-Complexity and diversity of protists makes them difficult to classify

-Cannot be classified as plants, animals, or fungi

Morphology

\-Most are unicellular, not all!

\-Many with amazingly high level of structural and functional complexity

protist

most are free living

protists

some are parasitic

protist

asexual reproduction common and sexual may occur when conditions deteriorate

Photoautotrophic forms

* Produce oxygen
* Function as producers in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems
* Major component of plankton

algae

refers to many phyla of protists that carry out photosynthesis

green algae: chlamydomonas

actively moving flagellate

ulva

multicellular green algae

volvox

a colony is a loose association of independent cells

red algae

\-multicellular

\-about 5,00 species

\-mostly live in warmer sea water

brown algae

\-about 1,500 species

\-most live in colder ocean waters along rocky coasts

\-no unicellular or colonial brown forms

diatoms

the most numerous unicellular algae in the oceans

amoeboids

protists that move and ingest their food with pseudopods

phagolysomes

amoeboids use this to digest food

streptophytes

the green plants or charophytes

embryophytes

the land plants

bryophytes

seedless plants that are nonvascular

liverworts, hornworts, and mosses

examples of bryophytes

club mosses, quillworts, and spike mosses

examples of lycophytes

whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns

pterphytes

lycophytes and pterophytes

other types of seedless plants but are vascular

gymnosperms and angiosperms

examples of spermatophytes

spermatophytes

seed plants

haplontic

refers to the life cycle in which there is a dominant haploid stage

diplontic

refers to a life cycle in which diploid is a dominant stage (humans are diplontic)

gametophyte

haploid

sporophyte

diploid

streprophytes

land plants and closely related to green algae are part of a new monophyletic group

charales

the closest living relative of land plants

hepaticophyta

asexual reproduction involved production of gemmae that can develop int gametophyte

Sori

appear as small bumps on the underside of a fern frond

homosporous

most ferns are

vascular tissue

xylem and phloem

xylem

transports water and minerals from roots upward to the shoot system

phloem

carries organic nutrients upward or downward within plant

rhizome

ferns have an underground stem anchored by roots

gametophytes

photosynthetic autotrophs

sporophyte

siploid

gametophyte

haploid

pterophyta

fern

lycophyta

club moss

mycelium

composed of threadlike filaments also called hyphae

spores

formed in hyphae or in sporangia

fungi

haploid but reproduce sexually and asexually

zygomycota

black bread mold

ascomycota

truffles, morels, and yeast

basidiomycota

mushrooms

deuteromycota

parasites such as athletes foot and ringworm

penicillium

first antibiotic included in deuteromycota

mutualism

both members benefit from the association

lichen

fungus and alga

crustose, foliose, and fructicose

3 forms of lichen

crustose

thin crust that tightly attaches to trees or rocks

foliose

thicker than crustose but have a flattened body

fructicose

branched erect body forms

gymnosperms

\-have roots, stems and leaves

\-have xylem and phloem vascular tissue

\-produce seeds in cone

ginko, pine, mormon tea, conifer

examples of gymnosperms

angiosperms

flower structure

carpel

fermale reproductive structure in flowers

stamen

male reproductive structure in flower

sepals

enclose flower before opening

the seed

ovule inside the ovary becomes

angiosperms

flowering plants

dormacy

helps survive harsh periods before germinating

seed

\-embryo protected by integument

\-an extra layer of sporophyte tissue

\-hardens into seed coat

male gametophytes

\-within pollen grains

\-dispersed by wind or pollinator

\-no need for water

female gametophytes

\-develop within an ovule

\-enclosed within diploid sporophyte tissue in angiosperms

coniferophyta

cycadophyta

gnetophyta

ginkophyta

examples of gymnosperms