ATP Quiz

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

a compound produced and used in living systems because it holds potential energy in its bonded phosphate groups

What happens when ATP interacts with another molecule?

it transfers a phosphate group to the other molecule. This destabilizes the other molecule allowing work to be done.

Phosphorylation

the transfer of the 3rd phosphate group of ATP to another molecule allows for the performing of chemical, mechanical, or transport work.

Which phosphate group is lost during phosphorylation?

The last group or 3rd group

How is ATP made?

ADP + Pi → ATP

How is ATP used?

ATP → ADP + Pi
...with the help of enzymes
and electrochemical
gradients

Substrate level phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

With the use of an enzyme, individual ADP molecules are phosphorylated back to ATP.

One at a time!

Oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

With the use of an enzyme called ATP synthase, an electrochemical gradient across a membrane draws protons near the ATP synthase. The spinning of ATP synthase phosphorylates many ADP simultaneously.

Multiple at a time!

What are all the Bioenergetics?

Energy, Free energy

Chemical energy < - > Potential energy

Kinetic energy < - > Heat (thermal energy)

Energy

can cause change and is not matter

Chemical energy

potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Goes with potential energy

Potential energy

energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

Goes with Chemical energy

Kinetic energy

energy associated with motion

Goes with Heat (thermal energy)

Heat (thermal energy)

kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules

Goes with Kinetic energy

Free energy

is the energy of a system available to do work

What are the Laws of Thermodynamics?

First law – Conservation of energy

Second law – Entropy

First law – Conservation of energy

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed

Second law – Entropy

Every energy transfer or transformation generates some unusable energy This increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe

What are the two types of Free energy (G)?

exergonic reaction and endergonic reaction

exergonic reaction

proceeds with a net release of free energy (- ∆ G) and is spontaneous

endergonic reaction

absorbs free energy (+∆ G ) from its surroundings and is nonspontaneous

How is “energy” associated with ATP?

Phosphorylation couples an endergonic reaction with the breakdown of ATP (exergonic), the change in free energy can be driven to a negative value resulting in an exergonic reaction.