Active sites and energy diagrams

Enzymes

Proteins (for the most part), increase kinetic rate (time), highly specific, operate under mild conditions (most reactions would otherwise need heat or pressure)

Can need cofactors, can be regulated

Enzyme active site

Provides favourable sequestered environment for biologically important reactions to occur

Analogous to ligand binding only it catalyzes a reactions

Formation of complex is needed for activity

Cofactors

Additional chemical components that assist in enzyme function

Metal enzymes, coenzymes- cosubstrates, mehimportance

Prosthetic groups- above two that are covalently or tightly associated

Holoenzyme with, apoenzyme without

What is the main thing every enzyme does?

Reduce activation energy

Denoted as deltadeltaGcat (with t-state bar) or delta GB

Activation energy

The rate of the reaction is related to the concentration of substrate and rate constant

rate constatant is related to activation energy

Delta G in exponent- lowering it exponentially lowers k

Carbonic anhydrase

CO2 + h2O - H2CO3- H+ + HCO3-