Caesar Final

What was the name of the Adriatic sea port where Pompey expected Caesar to cross?

Brundusium

In terms of direction in the Roman empire, where were Caesar and Pompey respectively collecting troops?

Pompey in the east and Caesar in the west.

Why did Caesar not bring his entire army across the Adriatic sea at one time?

He did not have enough ships to make just one trip.

What drastic measure did Pompey's men take in order to prevent themselves from dying of thirst as their ships were cut off from the land by Caesar's galleys?

They collect and drank the drew from the decks of their ships.

What desperate measure did Caesar take to bring the remainder of his army across from Italy to Macedonia?

He boarded a ship himself in disguise to encourage them to bring them across.

Why was it no formal attempt at negotiation were successful in preventing a final conflict between the two sides?

Each side felt too strong a mutual distrust to attempt any regular communication by commissioners or ambassadors.

How did Caesar's men overcome their extreme shortage of food in Macedonia?

They made bread from roots which they dug from the ground.

What caused the great plague inside of Pompey's camp, leading to the death of many of the livestock and troops?

A lack of fresh water

Why did the two sides initially refrain from becoming involved in any major battles in which the majority or all of the two armies participated?

Each general, Pompey and Caesar, understood that the stakes of such a battle would be too high.

What was the name of the plain on which the major battle was eventually fought?

Pharsalia

What was the relative size of the two armies?

Pompey's forces far outnumbered Caesar's.

How did we know that Pompey was relatively assured of victory over Caesar's forces?

Pompey's tents were filled with food and win in preparation for a victory celebration.

What order did Pompey give to his forces at the outset of the battle?

He ordered them to not advance to meet the onset of Caesar's troops in the middle ground between the two armies.

Where did Pompey go when he fully realized that all had been lost?

He fled to his own tent and collapsed in great distress.

How can the Rubicon be described physically ?

It is an uncertain rivulet , for a long time doubtful and undetermined .

The Rubicon was said to be the dividing line between what two areas ?

Northern Italy and the more southern Roman territories

At the moment Caesar arrived at the Rubicon , who controlled the area to the north of it ?

Caesar

If a general commanding an army were to cross the Rubicon and head toward Rome , what was the general belief at that time ?

The general had committed an act of treason and rebellion against the city of Rome .

Which of the following was NOT one of Caesar's gifts to Rome that he paid for from the great victories he won in Gaul ?

He provided lands to be used for the training of new soldiers in Rome's legions .

What kindness did Caesar do for men of influence who had fallen on hard times , a way to engender their loyalty upon his return ?

He paid their debts .

When Pompey recovers from his illness in Naples , what is the reaction of the people there ?

They held ceremonies expressing their public thanksgiving to the gods .

What is Caesar's reaction when Pompey sends word to him , asking for the return of one of Pompey's legions that he had given to Caesar while they were still allies ?

Caesar not only sends the legion back , but also sends other soldiers who had not been under Pompey's command initially .

When it is made clear to the Senate that Caesar wishes to made consul , what is the reply of that legislative body ?

They tell him that he must disband his army and present himself to the Senate as private citizen .

In order to show his lack of fear of Caesar , what does Pompey tell the Senate that he has to do in order to gather enough soldiers to defeat Caesar's armies ?

Stamp his foot .

What was the general feeling in Rome at that time toward these two very powerful men ?

The Romans had much more fear of Caesar than they had faith in Pompey .

On the night prior to Caesar's advance across the Rubicon , what was Caesar doing ?

He was tending to the design and construction of a fencing school .

What odd misfortune befell Caesar and his small group of attendants as they made their way to the bank of the Rubicon in the middle of the night ?

Their torches went out , causing them to be lost for a period of time .

Which of the following best describes the event that occurred the following morning that Caesar took as a positive omen for his march ?

A peasant playing a trumpet .

Which of the following are the famous words uttered by Caesar as he crossed the Rubicon ?

The die is cast .

What was the reaction of the people of Ariminum , the first town that Caesar encounters after crossing the Rubicon ?

They accepted Caesar as their commander with open arms .

Who was Domitius ?

A general sent to take command of Caesar's army .

Which of the following best describes the way " neutrals " , those who did not side with Caesar or Pompey , were considered by the two men ?

Pompey viewed them as enemies , while Caesar viewed any man who was not his enemy as his friend .

What was the name of the Adriatic seaport to which Pompey fled as Caesar continued his advance toward the city ?

Brundusium

Which of the following best describes what happened as Caesar and his men reached that seaport as Pompey attempted to escape ?

Pompey and his men were able to elude the obstacles put in their way and eventually make their way across the Adriatic

Why didn't Caesar chase Pompey ?

Caesar had no ships .

Upon his return to Rome , Caesar goes to the treasury to get funds for his men , which was actually against the law . What was Caesar's answer to the government official who refused to give him the money ?

" For men with swords , there is no law . "

How was Pompey able to escape from his tent amidst the onrushing forces of Caesar's army ?

He disguised himself as a common soldier and escaped on horseback .

What was the name of the Greek country through which Pompey was now traveling ?

Thessaly

As he headed toward the Aegean Sea , through what space- " a romantic gap between two mountains " -did Pompey cross .

The Vale of Tempe

Why were Pompey's men finally forced to surrender to Caesar on the morning after Pharsalia ?

Caesar's men had encircled the hill on which Pompey's men were encamped and cut off their water supply .

Why did a few of Pompey's attendants who were accompanying him in his flight eventually leave ?

Pompey told them that they should surrender to Caesar who was generous and would not harm them .

Why did the master of the merchant ship decide to take Pompey on board with him ?

He had dreamed of this occurrence the night before and saw it as a good omen .

When Pompey anchored his ship off the port of Amphipolis , what was the reaction of the people on shore when the defeated general asked them to take up arms to help him ?

They gave him a sum of money and some provisions for his journey , but would not follow him .

What was the name of Pompey's fourth and final wife ?

Cornelia

Why did Pompey's advisors suggest that Egypt was the best destination for him ?

Pompey had restored a former king there and many of Pompey's advisors were still in the country .

What was the relationship between Cleopatra and Ptolemy .

She was his sister .

Why did Ptolemy's advisors believe that it was in the best interests of the Egyptian leader to kill Pompey ?

" Dead dogs do not bite . "

What was the name of the Egyptian who was designated with the task of assassinating Pompey ?

Achillas

What did Pompey's council see that led them to believe that Pompey's arrival on shore might not end positively ?

There were just a few men waiting on shore , not what one would expect to welcome a man of Pompey's stature .

By what title did the men on board the assassin's ship greet Pompey ?

Imperator

Whom did Pompey recognize once he got on board the assassin's ship ?

A man who had once served in Pompey's army .

What was Pompey's wife doing as Pompey touched the Egyptian shore on board the assassin's ship ?

She was watching from the deck of Pompey's ship with his attendants .

What was the name of Pompey's favorite personal attendant who accompanied him to the Egyptian shore ?

Philip

What did Pompey's assassins take from him as evidence to Caesar that they had indeed killed Caesar's great foe ?

Pompey's head

What was done with Pompey's body ?

It was burned .