AUBF Semenalysis

Appearance, Volume, viscosity, pH, sperm concentration and count, motility, and morphology

Parameters reported in semenalysis

gray-white color

what is the normal semen color?

translucent

What is the appearance of semen

musty

what is the odor of semen

almost clear

When the sperm concentration is very low, the specimen may appear?

presence of white blood cells and infection within the reproductive tract.

Increased white turbidity indicates?

immature sperm called as spermatids

During microscopic examination, wbcs must be differentiated from? which is also called as?

leukocyte esterase reagent strip test

this test is useful to screen for the presence of wbcs

red blood cells and are abnormal

red coloration are associated with the presence of?

urine contamination, specimen collection after prolonged abstinence, and medications.

Yellow coloration may be caused by?

Urine

this is toxic to sperm, thereby affecting the evaluation of motility

30 to 60 minutes after collection

fresh semen specimen is clotted and should liquefy within

deficiency in prostatic enzymes and should be reported

Failure of liquefaction to occur within 60 minutes may be caused by

Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) or proteolytic enzymes, such as alpha-chymotrypsin or bromelain

If after 2 hours the specimen has not liquified, an equal volume of what may be added to induce liquefaction and allow the rest of the analysis to be performed.

Jelly-like granules (gelatinous bodies)

may be present in liquefied semen specimens and have no clinical significance

Mucous strands

if present, may interfere with semen analysis.

2 to 5ml

Normal semen volume ranges between

extended abstinence

Increased volume may be seen after periods of

infertility and may indicate improper functioning of one of the semen-producing organs, primarily the seminal vesicles

Decreased volume is associated more frequently with

viscosity

refers to the consistency of the fluid and

may be related to specimen liquefaction.

clumped and highly viscous

Specimens that are liquefied incompletely are

highly viscous and are recorded as abnormal

Droplets that form threads longer than 2 cm are considered

low, normal, or high

Viscosity also can be reported as

sperm motility, sperm concentration, antisperm antibody detection, and measurement of biochemical markers

Increased viscosity and incomplete liquefaction impede testing for

ph of semen

indicates the balance between the pH values

from the acidic prostatic secretion and the alkaline seminal vesicles secretion.

1 hour of ejaculation due to the loss of CO2 that occurs.

The pH should be measured within? because?

7.2 to 8.0

The normal pH of semen is alkaline with a range of

infection within the reproductive tract

Increased pH indicates?

increased prostatic fluid, obstruction of the ejaculatory duct, or poorly developed seminal vesicles.

A decreased pH may be associated with

days of sexual abstinence before the

collection, infection, or stress

Various factors can affect sperm concentration, such as

• greater than 20 to 250 million sperm per milliliter

• 10 and 20 million per milliliter

Reference values for sperm concentration are commonly listed as?; concentrations between are considered borderline.

multiplying the sperm concentration by the specimen volume

The total sperm count for the ejaculate can be calculated by

Neubauer counting chamber

sperm concentration is usually performed using the