2025 BOC Exam Questions

Generated from red exam book & blue book & grey book

Define HIPAA and what’s it for

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Regulates dissemination of personal information, gaurtentees control over

fitness assessment test for flexibility (3)

1. Sit and reach

2. Trunk extension

3. Should lift test

Fitness assessment test for muscular strength, endurance, and power (6)

1. 1RM

2. Timed pushups/sit ups

3. Chin ups

4. Bar dips

5. Flex arm hangs

6. Vertical jumps

Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment tests (3)

1. Coopers 12 minute walk/run

2. 1.5 mile run

3. Harvard step test

Speed fitness assessment test (2)

1. 6 second dash

2. 10 to 60 yard dash

Balance fitness assessment test

Stork test

Agility fitness assessment test (3)

1. T test

2. Edgren side step

3. SEMO agility test

In the glenoid cavity, what position is most considered a close-packed position?

humerus abducted to 90 degrees and externally rotated

What direction is dorsal/ventral, superior/inferior, cranial/caudal

using joint mobilization, to increase glenohumeral abduction which direction to perform the glides

Humerus in an inferior direction

define the actions of the muscles in the rotator cuff

What is osgood-schlatter disease

Initial phase of rehab program focus should be…

protecting injured tissues

to RTP full participation, what order should the specific parameters of therapeutic rehabilitation programs be completed? (5)

1. ROM/flexibility

2. muscular strength/endurance

3. proprioception

4. coordination

5. agility

what is the accepted relationship the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups?

hamstring 2/3 as strong as the quadriceps

athlete with excessive q-angle and suffering from laterally subluxating patella, which muscle should be emphasized?

vastus medialis oblique (VMO)

multiple lateral ankle sprains means rehab should focus on which muscles for proprioception and neuromuscular control focus? (2)

peroneus longus + brevis

impairment means loss of ___, ___, or ___

loss of body function, cognition, or mental health

functional limitation means the ___ of ___ to __

restriction/lack of ability to perform action or activity

define disability

participation and ADL affected

define pathology (4)

the medical study of disease, including its causes, progression, and how it affects the body

define etiology

is the study of the cause of a disease. The word comes from the Greek words etio- meaning "causation" and -ology meaning "the scientific study of something

define Wolff’s law

bone adapt and change in response to mechanical stress; when bones are stressed, the internal architecture of the bone strengthens

define SAID principle

core concept that the body adapts specifically to the demands placed on it

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands

define Watkins progression

progressive resistance exercise (PRE), where you perform three sets of reps, gradually increasing weight/resistance over time to promote strength gains

what is another name for Watkins progression (2)

Progressive Resistance Exercise (PRE) and DeLorme technique (uses a 3 set structure)

define DAPRE

Daily Adjustable Resistance Exercise technique, increase the resistance while exercises

periodization consists of ___ types of cycles which are….

three types of cycles, macro/meso/micro cycle

define marcocycle training period

6-12mo long, the overall training period for a season

define mesocycle training period

3-6 weeks longs, intermediate stage that consists of different session, this is within a marcocycle that has a specific purpose

define microcycle training period

shortest unit in periodization usually 1-2 weeks, week of training within a mesocycle

purpose of periodization training

allows you to create hard training periods and some easier periods to facilitate recovery

D1 flexion and extension start and end points

D2 flexion and extension start and end points

easy numeric to remember upper body D1/D2 flexion/extension

upper extremity diagonal patters (my fun way to remember)

KMS = __

Slap the midget = __

winner winner = __

grab sword = __

FADER = D1 flexion

EXABIR = D2 extension

FABER = D2 flexion

EXADIR = D2 extension

lower extremity diagonal patters

eccentric vs concentric

concentric - muscle shortens when contracted

eccentric - muscle lengthens when contracted

medication qod means

every other day

medication qd means

every day

medication tid means

three times a day

medication po means

by mouth

medication bd means

twice a day

medican qds means

four times a day

medication mane means

in the morning

medication nocte means

at night

what is an adverse effect of immobilization to an athletes resting heart rate?

HR increases ½ beat per minute each day of immobilization

define vestibular

inner ear and sense of balance

define oculomotor

eye movement

the most effective way to increase muscular strength is to lift to reps at a weight that is % to % of your 1 rep max

6-9 reps at 70-90% of 1 PR

athlete diagnosed with carpel tunnel, how should you best objectively assess strength of the involved musculature?

grip dynamometer to assess strength of finger extensors

bleeding characteristic of arterial blood

bright red, pulsating or spurting flow,

venous bleeding color is __, speed is __ and flow is __

dark red, steady and oozing flow,

bleeding from vein color is __, speed is __ with __ flow

dark red, steady and slow flow

capillary bleeding color is __, speed is __ with __ flow

light pink/red, slow, even flow

define conversion

energy transformation that changing from one form to another

what are the 3 levels of pain control theories

1. gate control theory

2. central biasing

3. release of beta endorphins

release of beta-endorphins have and which can be found in….

enkephalins - found in descending pathways

beta-endorphins - found in CNS

which nonthermal effect of ultrasound is most associated with low-frequency, high-intensity sound waves and is believed to result in tissue damage?

unstable cavitation

cold application best address the inflammatory phase of healing process by…

decreasing the cell's metabolic need for oxygen

what are 3 responses associated with reflexive effects of therapeutic massage?

increase capillary permeability, pain control, no significant alterations in general metabolism

what is mottling physiological response

skin condition where blood vessels dilate and constrict unevenly, leading to a patchy appearance due to reduced blood flow

what is contrast bath

alternating between hot and cold water immersion to improve circulation, reduce pain and swelling, promote recovery

when utilizing motor level stimulation to promote muscle reeducation, where should the active electrode be places to facilitate this treatment?

over the motor point

what causes the ultrasound transducer crystal to vibrate and create sound waves

it expands and contracts due to the alternating polarity of the electrical current

what is a typical mechanical cervical traction protocol? neck flexion at ___, and traction force ___ applied ____

20-30 degrees, traction force >20lb applied intermittently

using bipolar electrode placement technique for muscle reeducation of the quadriceps muscle group. two equal sized electrodes places along direction of muscle fibers.

if this fails, what is the most appropriate alteration?

increase space between the electrodes

most effective way to protect anterior thigh contusion on a basketball player?

a doughnut pad with thermoplastic dome

distance runner who’s developed plantar fasciitis. which method would best support this injury?

a medial longtitudinal arch pad

what is the biomechanical rationale for the use of a forearm strap in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis of the elbow?

modifies the pull of the extensor-supinator mechanism at its origin

what is the purpose of dynamic (mobilization) splints?

to correct an existing deformity

what is the purpose of a static splint?

to substitute for loss of motor function

a soccer player returning to limited participation drills following MCL and medial meniscus injury. what type of knee brace is most appropriate for this injury?

functional medial hinge brace

a heel cup would be most beneficial for which type of injury?

achilles tendonitis

diathermy uses which type of heat transfer mechanism?

conversion

commonly accepted physiological responses to superficial heat application (3)

analgesia, increased metabolic activity, increase inflammation

cold application best addresses the inflammatory phase of healing process by….

decreasing the cell’s metabolic need for oxygen

TENS is an acceptable modality for what type of treatment goal?

manage athlete’s chronic pain

responses associated with the reflexive effects of therapeutic massage are (3)

increased capillary permeability, pain control, no significant alterations in general metabolism

for muscle reeducation, electrodes should be placed ___ to facilitate this treatment

over the motor point

vigorous tissue heating means to increase tissue temperature __ to reach treatment goal

4 degrees C

There is an ___ relationship between wavelength and depth of penetration

inverse relationship

with respect to therapeutic ultrasound, what is the stretching window?

theoretical period of vigorous heating when tissues will undergo the greatest extensibility and elongation

a treatment area is 8×20 inches. the treatment goal is to increase tissue temperature of the affected muscle. what’s the best method to achieve this treatment goal?

divide the area in half and doing two identical continuous ultrasound treatments

MMT doesn’t quantify amount of force precisely. What’s a major purpose of MMT?

qualify the effectiveness of rehab program

SOAP : Subjective is for

the patient's reported experiences and feelings.

SOAP: Objective is for

the clinician's observations and measurable findings.

SOAP: Assessment is for

the clinician's interpretation of subjective and objective data to determine the patient's progress and effectiveness of treatment.

Athlete sprained their ankle minorly during first half of the game. After taping them, what do you use to assess their RTP?

sprint, hop on injured ankle, do defensive slides.

Why might rehab goals differ for a 60 y/o compared to a 30 y/o with the same injury?

blood supply is essential for healing and is commonly impaired with increase of age

what’s an assessment technique to best assist in determining an athlete should be moved from cryotherapy to thermotherapy modalities?

palpation to assess point tenderness

what criteria should be met by an athlete prior to processing to the running phase of a knee rehab program? (3)

70% of quads & hamstring strength,
full knee flexion,
complete 2 miles of walking

CAGE is a 4 step screening tool for what?

used to inquire about patterns and consequences of alcohol use.

What do each letters in CAGE stand for?

Cut down from drinking,
Annoyed by criticism of your drinking,
Guilty feeling about your drinking,
Early morning drink/eye opener to start the day

what are cognitive-based breathing techniques for relaxation (3)

1. diaphragmatic breathing

2. box breathing

3. alternate nostril breathing

what are progressive muscle relaxation techniques (2)

1. tensing and relaxing muscles (different group muscles, focusing on the sensation of relaxation)

2. Jacobson’s relaxation technique (of specific muscle groups in sequence)

osteoblast vs. osteoclast vs. osteocytes

osteoblast - bone forming cells

osteoclast - bone reabsorbing cells

osteocytes - mature bones derived from osteoblast; regulates bone remodeling by influencing osteoblast & osteocyte cell activity

what is a sphygmomanometer used for?

indirectly determine arterial blood pressure

what is a normal q-angle, along with knock knee and bow-legged angles?

Q-angle of >___ and <___ is abnormal

>20 degrees, and <15 degrees

Abnormal q-angle greater than normal can lead to excessive ___

genu valgus, leading to patellar problems