Chemistry 4th

Solutions

Composed of at least one solute and one solvent

Solvent

The medium in which solute is dissolved

Solute

The substance that is being dissolved

Why is dissolving substance cause chemical change or starts it most of the time?

Because when substance is being dissolved, the ions are free moving which helps it to react.

Dissolving

Process where individual entities of solute disperse throughout a solvent

Dissociation

Separation of an ionic compound into ions

Ionization

Process by which an electrically neutral atom or molecule is converted to an ion. Acids always ionize in water

Water as universal solvent

Water has a negative end and a postive end which allows it to break apart most ionic compounds. Some ionic compounds bonds are too storng so water cannot dissolve it.

Electrolytes

If their aqueous solution conduct electricityN

Nonelectrolytes

If their aqueous solution does not conduct electricity

Molecular compound electrolyitic?

They are not electrolytic (except acids) because the entities disperse as neutral molecules.

When do the bonds dissolve

If H-bonds exist it can dissolve. If not, it cannot dissolve.

Ionic compounds electrolytic?

Ionic compounds form electrolytic solutions because they dissociate into individual anions and cations.

Saturated solution

Solution in which no more solute will dissolve at a specific temperature because its fully concentrated.

Solubility

Concentration of a saturated solution. It depends on temperature, pressure (gases), and chemical property of the solvent and solute

Solid solubility

Higher solubility in water at higher temperatures

Gases solubility

Tend to have higher solubility in water at low temperatures and higher pressure

Liquid Solubility

Tend to have higher solubility in water at high temperatures

Bonds and solubility of liquids (nonpolar)

When they are nonpolar, they are immiscible with water

Bonds and solubility of liquids (polar and hydrogen bonding liquids)

Are miscible with water because they dissolve completely in water.