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20 Terms
1
wetlands
area where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or during periods of the year.
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2
groundwater seepage
when excessive amounts of groundwater push to the surface as a spring or an area of saturated soil.
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3
soil moisture
the amount of water found in the soil.
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4
permeable
a material that allows liquid to pass through it (sandstone is a permeable rock type).
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5
water table
an underground boundary between the soil surface and the area where groundwater saturates the rocks.
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6
discharge zone
the zone where water originating from an aquifer flows into water courses such as lakes, rivers, and wetlands.
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7
natural recharge
water that moves from the land surface or unsaturated zone into an aquifer. Where porous rock at the surface allows water to seep into an aquifer.
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8
confined aquifer
an aquifer below the land surface that is found between layers of impermeable material.
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9
aquitard
a zone within the Earth that restricts the flow of groundwater from one aquifer to another; comprised of either clay or layers of non-porous rock.
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10
artesian well
underground water that is under pressure. When punctured by a well or borehole the water will rise to the surface.
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11
unconfined aquifer
an aquifer in which the water table is at atmospheric pressure. There is no permeable layer between the water table and the ground surface.
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12
perched aquifer
an aquifer that occurs above a regional water-table. It is usually a relatively small body of water that lies above the large aquifer due to an impermeable rock layer blocking the downward flow of water.
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13
ice sheets
the mass of glacial land ice that covers the polar regions.
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14
ice caps
found in mountainous areas such as the Himalayas and Andes.
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15
water security
the ability to access sufficient quantities of clean water to maintain adequate standards of food and manufacturing of goods, adequate sanitation and sustainable health care.
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16
sanitation
the provision of clean drinking water and sewage disposal.
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17
natural disaster
an event such as a flood, earthquake, or hurricane, that causes great damage or loss of life.
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18
contamination
the action of making or being made impure by pollution.
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19
salt water intrusion
the movement of salt water into fresh water aquifers.
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20
ecological demand
the amount of water an ecosystem requires to continue functioning.
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