History quiz The Enlightenment

Hobbes

• Published Leviathan

• Came up with Social Contract

• Convinced that Humans were naturally wicked

Locke

• Wrote treaties on government

• Believed people had the gift of reason therefore should be able to govern their own affairs and look over their own welfare

• Believed that people should choose their own government

Beccaria

• Belived that laws existed not to prevent social order not to avenge crimes

• Against torture and capitol punishment (death penalty)

• Believed punishment should fit the crime

• Right to a “Speedy Trial”

Montesque

• Believed Britain was the best Governed country

• Came up with Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances

• Executive- Carries out Laws

• Legislative- Makes the Laws

• Judicail- Interperts the laws that apply to a Specific situation

• Influenced Constitutional Farmers

Rousseau

• Published “Discourse on the Origins of the Inequality of Mankind”

• Adopted Laws and Government to Persue Property

• Belived people were basicly courrupted by Society

• Believed that the genral will of the majority should always work for the common good- General Will should be dominant in society

Voltaire

• Put in prison a number of times because of his beliefs

• Believed in Religious toleration

• Believed in Freedom of thought and speech

• “I do not agree with what you are saying… but I will defend to the death your right to say it.

Wollstonecraft

• Published an essay titled “A Vindication of the Rights Among Women”

• Believed that The Government having arbitrary power over the Monarchs was equally as wrong as the Arbitory power of Men over Women was equally wrong

• Believed that women should have rights in Education, Political, and economic life.

Diderot

• Wrote the Encyclopedia

• Articles and findings in the Fields of Science and Mathematics were included

• Tried to bring all “current” knowledge together

• Banned by government after Volume 7

• Helped spread Enlightenment Ideas

5 core ideas of the Enlightenment

-Reason

-Nature

-Happiness

-Progress

-Liberty

Natural Rights

The Natural Rights were made by John Locke. The Natural Rights were Life, Liberty, and Property and was used in the declaration of Independence after Thomas Jefferson changed it to Life Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness