Punnet Squares

Who is known as the Father of Modern Genetics?

Gregor Mendel

What type of plants did Mendel use for his genetic experiments?

Pea plants

What are Alleles?

Individual units of genetic makeup received from each parent.

How many Alleles does an individual have for each trait?

Two Alleles

What are the two types of Alleles?

Dominant and Recessive

What letter represents a Dominant Allele?

Capital letters (e.g., B for brown eye color)

What letter represents a Recessive Allele?

Lowercase letters (e.g., b for blue eye color)

What is the difference between Genotype and Phenotype?

Genotype is the genetic makeup; Phenotype is the observable characteristics.

What does a Punnett Square determine?

The probability of offspring expressing a certain genotype.

What are the parental generation alleles in a Punnett Square labeled as?

P generation

What does Homozygous mean?

A pair of alleles that are the same (either both dominant or both recessive).

What does Heterozygous mean?

A pair of alleles where one is dominant and one is recessive.

What is the expected genotype ratio from a cross of Aa x Aa?

25% Homozygous Dominant (AA), 50% Heterozygous (Aa), 25% Homozygous Recessive (aa)

In the example of a Shackleford stallion (Bb) and a mare (bb), what is the probability of offspring having Brown eyes?

50% chance of Brown eyes and 50% chance of Blue eyes.

If a heterozygous black stallion breeds with a heterozygous black mare, what is the probability that the foal will have black hair?

75% chance of having black hair.

What is the sum of probabilities in a Punnett Square?

100%

What is the purpose of practicing Punnett Squares?

To understand genetic probability and inheritance patterns.

What is the genetic makeup of an individual organism called?

Genotype

What set of observable characteristics does an individual have?

Phenotype

How do Dominant alleles affect the phenotype?

They are expressed in the offspring.

How do Recessive alleles affect the phenotype?

They are present but not expressed in the offspring.

What is the significance of Mendel's experiments?

They established the basis for heredity and inheritance.