APUSH Unit 2

Mercantilism / Navigation Acts

British policy controlling colonial trade to benefit England.

The Great Awakening

Religious revival in the 1730s-40s that challenged church authority.

George Whitefield

Preacher who spread emotional revivalism across the colonies.

Jonathan Edwards

Puritan minister who sparked revival with 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.'

The Enlightenment / John Locke

Movement stressing reason and natural rights; Locke argued for life, liberty, property.

Benjamin Franklin

Enlightenment thinker, inventor, and colonial leader.

The Zenger Case

Trial that promoted freedom of the press.

French & Indian War (Seven Years' War)

War between Britain and France for North America; Britain won.

William Pitt

British leader who funded the war and helped secure victory.

Albany Congress

1754 meeting to unite colonies for defense; proposed Albany Plan.

Salutary Neglect

Britain loosely enforced rules on colonies until the 1760s.

Paxton Boys

Pennsylvania frontiersmen who attacked Native groups and demanded government protection.

Proclamation Line of 1763

Banned settlement west of the Appalachians.

Pontiac's Rebellion

Native uprising against British expansion after the French & Indian War.

English Liberties

Traditional rights colonists believed they deserved (jury trial, taxation by consent).

Virtual Representation

British claim that Parliament represented all subjects, even without voting.

Quartering Act

Required colonists to house British soldiers.

Declaratory Act

Asserted Parliament's right to make laws for the colonies 'in all cases.'

Sugar Act

Tax on molasses; stricter enforcement to raise revenue.

Stamp Act Crisis

Required stamps on paper goods; caused widespread colonial protest.

Patrick Henry

Virginia leader who argued 'no taxation without representation.'

Sons of Liberty / Samuel Adams

Radical group led by Adams that organized protests and resistance.

Townshend Acts

Taxes on imports like glass, tea, and paper.

John Dickinson / Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

Essays arguing Parliament couldn't tax for revenue.

Boston Massacre

British soldiers killed 5 colonists during a confrontation.

Gaspee Affair

Colonists burned a British customs ship in protest.

Committees of Correspondence

Colonial groups that coordinated resistance and shared information.

Tarring and Feathering

Violent protest tactic used on tax collectors.

Homespun Movement / Daughters of Liberty

Women encouraged boycotts and made homemade cloth.

Tea Act / Boston Tea Party

Taxed tea; colonists dumped British tea into the harbor.

Coercive (Intolerable) Acts

Punished Massachusetts by closing Boston Harbor and limiting self-government.

Regulator Rebellion

Uprising in the Carolinas against corrupt colonial officials.

Lord Dunmore's Proclamation

Offered freedom to enslaved people who joined the British.

Lexington and Concord

First battles of the Revolutionary War.

Loyalists (Where? Why? Who?)

Colonists loyal to Britain; often wealthy, recent immigrants, or in the South.

George Washington (as General)

Commander of the Continental Army.

Thomas Paine / Common Sense

Pamphlet urging independence from Britain.

Thomas Jefferson / Declaration of Independence

Main author stating reasons for independence.

Articles of Confederation

First U.S. government; weak central power.

Continental Army

Colonial forces fighting Britain during the Revolution.

Battle of Saratoga

Turning point battle that convinced France to ally with the U.S.

Joseph Brant

Mohawk leader who supported the British.

Alliance with France

France joined the war on the American side after Saratoga.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Ended the Revolution; recognized U.S. independence.