IV Fluids Flashcards

Flashcards about IV Fluids

What is Total Body Water (TBW)?

60% (50 to 70) of body weight; depends on fatty tissue.

What are the two major fluid compartments in the body?

Intracellular fluid (ICF), Extracellular fluid (ECF)

What is orthostatic hypotension?

Decrease in systolic BP of greater than 20 mmHg from supine to standing.

What does intravenous fluid therapy involve?

Crystalloid solutions and, less commonly, colloidal solutions

When are crystalloid solutions typically used

Hypovolemic or dehydrated patients, correct free water deficits, replace ongoing fluid losses, and meet the fluid requirements of patients who cannot take fluids enterally.

Give examples of crystalloids

Normal (0.9%) saline, Ringer's lactate solution (Hartmann's' solution), 5% Dextrose

Give examples of colloids

Human Albumin, Gelatin solutions (Haemaccel®, Gelafundin ®), Dextran, Hydroxyethyl starches (HetastarchⓇ)

What are the three categories of IV fluids based on tonicity?

Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic

Give examples of Nutrient solutions

Glucose water D5W, and glucose saline D5NS

Give examples of Electrolyte solutions

0.9 NaCl, Ringers Solution, and LRS

Give examples of Alkalinizing solutions

Lactated Ringers Solution (LRS)

Give examples of Acidifying solutions

0.9% NaCl

Give examples of Volume expanders

Dextran, human albumin, and plasma

What does Normal Saline Solution contain?

Water, sodium (154 mEq/L), and chloride (154 mEq/L). It has an osmolality of 308 mOsm/L and gives no calories.

When is normal saline used

Used alongside the administration of blood products and to replace large sodium losses such as in burn injuries and trauma.

When should normal saline NOT be used?

Heart failure, pulmonary edema, and renal impairment, or conditions that cause sodium retention.

What is D5W administered for?

Water and to correct an increase in serum osmolality.

When should Lactated Ringers NOT be used?

Patients who cannot metabolize lactate (e.g., liver disease, lactic acidosis), and should be used with caution for patients with heart failure and renal failure.

When are hypotonic IV fluids usually used?

To provide free water for excretion of body wastes, treat cellular dehydration, and replace the cellular fluid.

What is Sodium chloride 0.45% (1/2 NS) used for?

Replacing water in patients who have hypovolemia with hypernatremia.

What is 2.5% dextrose in water (D2.5W) used for?

Treat dehydration and decreased the levels of sodium and potassium.

What do hypertonic solutions do?

Draw water out of the intracellular space, increasing extracellular fluid volume.

What are colloids useful for?

They are useful for expanding the intravascular volume and raising blood pressure.

What is 5% Albumin solution used for?

Increase the circulating volume and restore protein levels in conditions such as burns, pancreatitis, and plasma loss through trauma.

What is 20% Albumin used for?

Used together with sodium and water restriction to reduce excessive edema.

When is the use of albumin contraindicated?

Severe anemia, heart failure, or known sensitivity to albumin.

What are the two types of Dextrans?

Low-molecular-weight dextrans (LMWD) and high-molecular-weight dextrans (HMWD)