Erialane inglise keel II, test I

Declaratory Judgment Action (Tuvastushagi)

a binding judgment from a court defining the legal relationship between parties and their rights in a matter before the court.

invitation to negotiate (Kutse läbirääkimistele)

an invitation by one party to the other to negotiate or make an offer.

petitioner (avaldaja)

a person who makes a formal application to a court for a writ, judicial action in a suit, etc.

party (pool)

a person or entity who takes part in a legal transaction.

Plaintiff (hageja)

a person who brings a case against another in a court of law.

breach of contract (Lepingu rikkumine)

party who entered a contract fails to perform their promised obligations.

reasonable person (Mõistlik isik)

a fictional person with an ordinary degree of reason.

summary judgment (Kiirendatud menetlus)

a decision made based on statemenst and evidence without going to trial.

To be contrary to the law (Seadusega vastuolus olema)

it goes against the rules and laws that have been established.

To enter into agreement (lepingut sõlmima)

becoming involved in a formal relationship.

confirms by his or her signature (allkirjaga kinnitama)

confirmation of a documented agreement.

relevant criminal case (asjassepuutuv kriminaalasi)

previous criminal act that should not be capable of being challenged in fact.

claim damages (kahjutasu nõudma)

to make an official request for money after an accident or a bad event, from the person who caused you harm.

custody battle (kohtuvõitlus hooldusõiguse nimel)

legal fight between divorced parents about who will take care of a child

Physical custody (isikuhooldusõigus)

custody that includes sharing a residence with a child

residency (lapse elukoht)

legal order establishing who the child will live with

character assassination (maine kahjustamine)

slandering of a person with the intention of destroying public confidence in that person

open-and-shut case (selge lahendusega kaasus)

case with a straightforward and simple solution

Right of first refusal (ostueesõigus)

The right to enter into a business transaction before any third party

Deadline of notice (teatamistähtaeg)

The time in which a party of a legal matter must be notified of something

To withdraw from a contract (lepingust taganema)

To exercise one's right to pull out of a contract due to cause

In the client's economic or financial activities (majandus- või kutsetegevuses)

Acting with the objective of financial gain

A transferable right (loovutatav õigus)

A right that can be transferred from one person to another, provided that specific regulations are followed

ownership (omandiõigus)

the right to possess and have full legal control over something

possession (valdamine)

factual control of property

Expropriation (sundvõõrandamine)

the act of forcefully taking away a citizen's property and the loss is compensated

terms and conditions (kasutustingimused)

an agreement between a service provider and the person using the service

Contractual limitations (tehingust tulenevad piirangud)

limitations to a party's rights that are written in the contract

respondant (kostja)

the party answerable to the claims of the plaintiff, who has brought the action to court.

Cohabitation Agreement (kooseluleping - registreeritud kooselu)

legal document between unmarried couples who are living together.

property (vara)

anything that is owned by a person or a business.

custody (hooldusõigus)

the protective care or guardianship of someone or something.

Defendant (kostja)

an individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law.

damage caused (kahju tekitama)

reduce the value or usefulness

standards of proof (tõendamiskoormus)

on the balance of probabilities and beyond a reasonable doubt

settle out of court (kohtuväliselt lahendama)

a legal agreement between two parties to resolve a dispute without going to trial

award damages (kahjutasu määrama)

established, when the claimant proves, on the balance of probabilities, that a defendant's wrongful act caused a tangible, harm, loss or injury to the plaintiff

tsiviilmenetlus

civil procedure

kriminaalmenetlus

criminal procedure

tsiviilõigus

civil law

kriminaalõigus

criminal law

jõustama (seaduslikke õigusi)

enforce (one's legal rights)

kohtumenetlus

(a) court proceeding

riigi nimel

in the name of the state; on behalf of the state

süüdistaja

prosecutor; prosecution

ohver

victim

tõendamisnõuded

standards of proof

süüdistatav, kaitsealune

the defendant, accused

kriminaalasja esitama; süüdistust esitama

bring criminal action against someone; prosecute

väljaspool mõistlikku kahtlust

beyond reasonable doubt

kahtlusalune

the suspect

kahtlusaluse süüs kahtlema

doubt the guilt of the suspect

süüdistatava süüd tõendama

prove that the accused is guilty

süütuse presumptsiooni printsiip

the principle of the presumption of innocence

õigus vaikida

the right to remain silent

kriminaalne käitumine

criminal 'conduct

rahatrahvi määrama

impose a fine on

vangi mõistma

sentence (a person) to imprisonment

vabadusest ilma jätma

deprive someone of their freedom

kurjategijaid taasühiskonnastama, rehabiliteerima

rehabilitate criminals

üldkasulik töö

community service

heidutama kuritegusid toime panemast

deter someone from committing crimes

s.t (see tähendab)

i.e. (that is)

kahju kannatama

suffer damage

tsiviilõigusrikkumine

civil wrong

väidetav seaduserikkuja

alleged lawbreaker

asjassepuutuv kriminaalasi

relevant criminal case

uute reeglite järgi

under the new rules, according to the new rules

hageja

plaintiff (Eng, US), claimant (UK)

kostja

defendant

kohtuväliselt lahendama

settle out of court

kohtu ette jõudma

go to trial

kohtuasja arutama

hear a case

hagema

bring (a civil) action

tõendamiskohustus

burden of proof

lasuma (kellelgi)

lie on

hagi

claim

hagide kohtusse suunamise süsteem

tracking system of claims

vastutama tõenäosuse alusel

be liable on the balance of probability (UK); /on the preponderance of evidence (US)

tõendeid kaaluma

weigh the evidence

kahjutasu määrama

award damages

kahju tekitama

cause damage

kahjutasu nõudma

claim damages

õiguskaitsevahend

legal remedy

kohtulikku keeldu kohaldama; kohtumäärust välja andma

award an injunction (UK)

lepingu täitmisele kohustama

award specific performance (UK)

kohtu korraldusele mitte alluma

refuse to comply with the court decision

endast kriminaalset käitumist kujutama

constitute criminal 'conduct

vastandlik; vastuoluline; võistlevuse põhimõte

adversarial

heidutus

deterrence; deterrent

õigus pöörduda kohtusse

right of recourse to the court

maakohus

county court

vaidlus

dispute

kohtus (vaidlust) lahendama

adjudicate

tsiviilkohtumenetluse seadustik

Code of Civil Procedure

asi

matter

kohtu poole pöörduma

take recourse to a court

oma õigusi kaitsma

to protect one's rights

hagema, hagi esitama

to start (file) an action

hagiavaldust kohtule esitama

file a statement of claim with a court