Lab - Respiratory Functions

nasopharynx

passageway for air

oropharynx

passageway for food and air

laryngopharynx

passageway for food

nasal conchae

increase surface area for warming, filtering, and humidifying incoming air

pharynx

passageway for food and air w 3 parts (nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)

hyoid bone

attachment sites for neck muscles that raise/lower larynx during speech and swallowing

larynx

passageway for air to the trachea

epiglottis

prevents food and drink from entering airways

thryoid and cricoid cartilage

helps maintain a patent airway

vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

ligaments that close the glottis

true vocal cords

ligaments that vibrate and produce sound

glottis

open/close during speech

trachea

passageway for air

tracheal rings

prevent collapse of trachea

carina

helps prevent foreign objects from going deeper into airways

right mainstem (primary) bronchus

passageway for air to the right lung

left mainstem (primary) bronchus

passageway for air to the left lung

lobar (secondary) bronchi

passageway for air to lobes of lungs

segmental bronchi

passageway for air to segments of lung

terminal bronchiole

end of conducting zone

horizontal fissure

separates RUL from RML

right oblique fissure

separates RLL from RML and RUL

left oblique fissure

separates LLL from LUL

hilum

entry/exit points for pulmonary arteries and veins for mainstem bronchi

cardiac notch

indentation on left lungs to accomadate heart

respiratory bronchiole

beginning of respiratory zone

alveolus, alveolar sac, and pulmonary capillaries

gas exchange

elastic fibers

prevent over expansion of alveoli and recoil - assist in exhalation

diaphragm

increases vertical length of lungs and thorax (inhalation)

external intercostals

pulls ribcage and lungs up and out (inhalation)

internal intercostals

pulls ribcage down and inwards (forced exhalation)

visceral and parietal pleura

connects lungs to diaphragm and ribcage