Presentation flashcards

Vascular system

• Vasculatory system transports materials througohut your body, most importantly oxygen and nutrients

• Composed of arteries; arteries AWAY, so arteries generally carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to be delivered

• Veins, which bring deoxygenated blood back to heart and lungs to be oxygenated

• Capillaries are smallest blood vessels connecting the two

• Body’s highways connecting arteries to veins

• Think leaky walls that let substances pass through them

VS regulation

• This picture shows a “slice” of a blood. vessel and its different layers

• Outer muscle, purple represents ECs

• ECs important because they protect this muscle, regulate widening or narrowing of blood pressure, and bc/ semipermeable, regulate if substances can actually be delivered

• Extensively differrent types based on tissue; artery EC may be stiffer than capillary EC bc/ of blood flow, but capillary EC may be more prone to dividing and reproducing

Vascular Subtypes

• Blood vessels themselves are specialized, in part due to ECs that can play different roles

• Macrovasculature refers to large blood vessels (A+V) with specific function of regulating blood pressure and proecting smaller vessels from damage of blow flow, also more susceptible to stress that causes plaque buildup

• Microvasculature refers to the capillaries, which are again due to ECs specialized to multiply more easily to begin creation of new blood vessels

• Regulate nutrients being delivered

AAA

• Abdominal aorta is that stomach pulsing you feel

• 35.1 million global prevalence, also significantly more common in men

• Macrovascular EC dysfunction because these ECs on the side are hardening and sending signals that cause plaque to build up on the side

• As aneurysm grows, it can rupture, resulting in an 80-90% mortality rate

PAD

• Affecting 200 million people globally

• Represents microvascular EC dysfunctino because, although plaque buildup comes with it, capillaries actually begin to stop functioning in PAD and fail to regenerate to alleviate blocked arteries

• When arteries become blocked enough, tissue begins to die, and this infection leads to a 50% mortality rate

Treatment Progression

• Because they develop the same, theyre often co-occuring

• Treatment stays the same initially, but starts to differ into targeting different vascular subtypes eventually

• So, is there a way to link the two subtypes in one treatment, targeting both subtypes

LRG1 introduction

• LRG1 is normally secreted by liver or immune cells

• In situations of cell stress or inflammation, LRG1 secretion is upregulated, which will be important later

• Also important because LRG1 has multiple effects

LRG1 in vascular disease (macro)

• Because LRG1 has these many effects, one is this cycle in vascular disease

• LRg1 is capable of inducing stress, but when cell stress is worsened, they release more LRG1

• Similarly, LRG1 is actually found at plaque sites interacting with ECs to induce buildup, but LRG1 is also increased as this plaque buildup causes more cell stress, creating another stress cycle

• Thus, LRG1 is harmful in the macrovasculature and may contribute to disease

LRG1 in vascular disease (micro)

• Unlike in macro ECs, LRG1 can also be regenerative, as in helping to create more blood vessels

• LRG1 can activate regeneration of blood vessels through switching a certain pathway in ECs from normal function to activating multiplication and division to grow new blood vessels

• Also, especially important as PAD is often co-occuring with diabetes, LRG1 is able to restore blood flow in diabetic wounds