Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

A set of flashcards covering key concepts related to microbiology, including microbiological definitions, classifications, and the roles of various microorganisms.

Microbiology

A specialized area of biology that deals with living organisms too small to be seen without magnification.

Microorganisms

Living things that include bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, helminths, algae, viruses, and prions.

Acellular Infectious Agents

Agents that do not consist of cells, primarily viruses and prions.

Eukaryotic Organisms

Organisms with membrane-bound organelles and an organized nucleus, which include plants, animals, fungi, and protozoa.

Prokaryotic Organisms

Single-celled organisms that lack a true nucleus, including bacteria and archaea.

Binomial Nomenclature

A naming system for organisms that includes the genus and species names.

Pathogens

Microbes that cause disease.

Biotechnology

Manipulation of microorganisms, plants, and animals to produce new products or genetically modified organisms.

Genetic Engineering

The process of altering the genetics of organisms for specific purposes.

Macromolecules

Large molecules necessary for life, categorized into carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Polysaccharides

Complex carbohydrates that contribute to structural support and energy storage.

Photosynthesis

The process used by bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy before plants evolved.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A technique used to amplify small amounts of DNA for further study.

Nucleic Acids

Biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information, including DNA and RNA.

Enzymes

Proteins that act as catalysts for chemical reactions in cells.

Prions

Infectious agents composed solely of protein, lacking nucleic acid.

Cell Membrane

The structure surrounding the cell, composed of phospholipids and proteins.