MCAT Equations

Work, Energy, and Power - Physics

Work =

Kinetic Energy (KE) =

Work Energy Theorem =

Power =

Fdcosø

1/2mv²

∆KE

W/t =, Fv =, E/t

Gravity - Physics

Fg =

mg

Circular motion - Physics

Centripetal acceleration (ac) =

Centripetal force (Fc) =

v²/r

mac, mv²/r

Projectile Motion - Physics

Horizontal

• X =

• Vx =

• ax =

Vertical

• y =

• Vy =

• ay =

General 3 Equations =

Voxt

Vxo

0

voyt-1/2gt²

voy-gt

g

V=Vo + at

V² = Vo²+2ad

d = do + Vot + 1/2at²

Torque - Physics

τ =

Frsinø

Friction - Physics

Fs ≤

Fk =

usFn

ukFn

Magnetism - Physics

Magnetic Force Fb

• Moving point =

• Current carrying wire =

qvBsinø

ILBsinø

Thermodynamics - Physics

1st law = ∆U =

Pressure-Volume Work =

Heat capacity = q =

Specific heat capacity = q =

Phase Change = q =

Q-W

P∆V

C∆T

mc∆T

mL

Fluids - Physics

Density = p =

Specific gravity = SG =

Pressure (fluids) = P =

Pascal’s law (2) =

Continuity equation =

Flow Rate = Q =

Archimedes Principle = Fb =

m/V

p/pH2O

F/A

F1/A1 = F2/A2 and F2 = A2/A1F1

A1v1 = A2v2

Av

pfluid x Vsub x g = mobject x g

Inclined Plane - Physics

Fg parallele =

Fg perpendicular =

mgsinø

mgcosø

Circuits and Electrostatics - Physics

Ohm’s Law =

Power = P =

Equivalent Resistors

• Series

• Parallel

Voltage Drop

• Series

• Parallel

Equivalent Capacitance

• Series

• Parallel

V = IR

IV = I²R = v²/R

Rs = R1 + R2 + … Rn

1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + … 1/Rn

Vs = V1 + V2 + … Vn

Vp = V1 + V2 + … Vn

1/Cs = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + … 1/Cn

Cp + C1 + C2 + … Cn

Circuits and Electrostatics Cont’d - Physics

Current = I =

Resistance = R =

Coulomb’s Law = Fe =

Force by electric field = Fe =

Q/t

pL/A

k(q1q2/r)

qE

Capacitors - Physics

Capacitance = C =

Capacitance (parallel plate geometry) =

Capacitor electric field = E =

Capacitor energy (PE) (2) =

Q/V

ϵ(A/d)

V/d

1/2CV² and 1/2QV

Lights and Optics - Physics

Photon Energy = E = (2)

Speed of light (c ) =

Index of refraction = n =

Snell’s Law =

hf and hc/λ

3×10^8

c/v

n1sinø1 = n2sinø2

Lights and Optics - Physics

Magnification = m =

Lens strength = S =

Lens Equation (3) =

-i/o

1/f

1/o + 1/i = 1/f

1/do + 1/di = 1/f

m = hi/ho = -di/do

Waves and Oscillations - Physics

Frequency and Period: f =

Velocity of wave = v =

Hooke’s Law = Felastic =

PE of Spring =

Harmonics Open Pipe/String (f and λ)

Harmonics One End Closed Pipe (f and λ)

1/T

λf

kx

1/2kx²

f = nv/2L λ = 2L/n

f = nv/4L λ=4L/n

Sounds - Physics

Velocity of sound = v =

Intensity = I =

Intensity in decibels = dB =

Doppler Effect = f =

• Use — signs when source is moving TOWARDS observer

• Use —- signs when source is moving AWAY from observer

λf

P/A

10log(I/Io)

fs(v ± vo / v ∓ vs)

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Moles, Concentration, Dilutions - Chemistry

Moles =

Avogadros number = 1 mol =

Mol fraction = Xa =

Molarity = M =

Molality = M =

Dilution equation =

mass/molecular weight

6.022×10^ 23 particles

moles a / total moles

moles / L

moles / kg

m1V1 = m2V2

Gases - Chemistry

Standard Temp and Pressure (STP) =

• T = —— ºC = —— K

• P = —-atm = —- torr = —— mmHg

Ideal gas law =

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

• Total Pressure =

• Partial Pressure Gas a =

Graham’s Law of Effusion =

0, 273

1, 760, 760

PV = nRT

Ptotal = P1 + P2 … + Pn

Pa = XaPtotal

rate1/rate2 = √M2/M1

Atomic Chemistry - Chemistry

Formal Charge =

#valence electrons - #bonds - #lone pair electrons

Electrochemistry

Standard Free Energy Change = ∆G =

Standard emf =

Nernst Equation = Ecell =

Free Energy Change

• Standard = ∆Gº =

• NonStandard = ∆G =

-nFEcell

Ered;cathode - Ered;anode

Eºcell - (0.0592/n)logQ

-RTlnKeq

∆Gº + RTlnQ

Thermodynamics

Kelvin to Celsius =

Farenheit to Celsius =

Specific Heat = q =

Specific Heat (phase change) = q =

• mass and specific latent heat

• moles and molar enthalpy

Enthalpy of Reaction = ∆Hrxn

• Reaction Enthalpy

• Bond Enthalpy

C + 273

9/5C + 32

mc∆T

mL , n∆Hfus/vap

∑∆Hproducts - ∑∆Hreactants

∑∆Hbonds broken - ∑∆Hbonds formed

Thermodynamics Cont’d

Free Energy Change = ∆G =

Free Energy Change (Keq) = ƼG =

Free Energy Change (Q) = ∆G = (2)

∆H-T∆S

-RTlnKeq

∆Gº + RTlnQ and RTln(Q/Keq)

Kinetics

Rate law = Rate =

Arrhenius equation = k =

k[A]^a[B]^b

Ae^(-Ea/RT)

Equilibrium

Equilibrium constant = Keq =

Reaction quotient = Q =

[C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b

[C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b

Solutions

% composition by mass =

Mole Fraction = Xa =

Solubility Product Constant = Ksp =

• Assuming the equation Am​Bn​(s)⇌mA^n+ + nB^m−

Rault’s Law (VP depression) = Pa =

Boiling Point Elevation = ∆Tb =

Freezing Point Depression = ∆Tf =

Osmotic Pressure = π =

mass solute / mass solution x 100

moles a / total mole all species

[A^n+]^m [B^m-]^n

XaPaº

iKbm

iKfm

iMRT

Acids and Bases

pH =

pOH =

pH + pOH =

Ka =

pKa =

Kb =

pKb =

KaKb = Kw =

Autoionization of water = Kw =

Henderson-Hasselbach =

-log[H+]

-log[OH-]

14

[H+][A-] / [HA]

-logKa

[OH-][BH+] / [B]

1×10^-14

[H3O+][OH-] = 1×10^-14

pH = pKa + log([A-] / [HA])