Studied by 145 people
Aaron Beck
developed cognitive-behavior therapy
Abraham Maslow
humanistic psychologist know for his Hierarchy of Needs and the concept of self-actualization
Albert Bandura
Famous for the Bobo Doll experiements on observational learning & influence in the Socio-Cognitive Perspective
Albert Ellis
developed rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
Alfred Adler
Neo-Freudian; introduced concept of inferiority complex and stressed the importance of birth order
Alfred Binet
created first intelligence test for Parisian school children
Alfred Kinsey
his research described human sexual behavior and was controversial (for its methodolgy and findings)
Ancel Keys
Conducted semi-starvation experiments to measure psych effects of hunger
B.F. Skinner
described process of operant conditioning
Benjamin Lee Whorf
famous for describing concept of liguistic determinism
Carl Jung
neo-Freudian who created concept of collective unconscious and wrtoe books on dream interpretations
Carl Rogers
Developed client-centered therapy
Carl Wernicke
an area of the brain (in the lleft temporal lobe) involved in language comprehension and expression was named for him because he discovered it
Carol Gilligan
presented feminist side of Kohlberg's moral development theory; believed women moral sense guided by relationship
Charles Darwin
his idea, that genetic composition of a species can be altered through natural selection, has had a lasting impact on psychology through the evolutionary perspective
Charles Spearman
creator of g-factor, or general intelligence, concept
Daniel Kahneman & Amos Tversky
investigated the use of heuristics in decision-making; studied the availability, anchoring, and representativeness heuristic
David Hubel & Torsten Weisel
two Nobel prize winning neuroscientists who demonstrated the importance of feature detector neurons in visual perception
David McClelland
studied achievement motivation; found those with high levels are driven too master challenging tasks
David Weschler
developer of WAIS and WISC intelligence tests
Diana Baumrind
her theory of parenting styles had three main types (permissive, authoratative, & authoritarian)
Dorothea Dix
American activist who successfully pressured lawmakers to construct and fund asylums for the mentally ill
Edward Throndike
famous for the law of effect and research on cats in puzzle boxes
Edward Tolman
researched rats' use of cognititive maps
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
wrote "On Death and Dying"; developed 5 stage theory of grief
Elizabeth Loftus
her research on memory construction and the misinformaiton effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony
Erik Erikson
known for his 8-stage-theory of psychosocial development
Ernest Hilgard
famous for hypnosis research & the theory that a hidden observer theory
Ernest Weber
best know for webers law, the notion that the JND magnitude is proportional to the stimulus magnititude
Francis Galton
interested in link between heredity and intelligence; founder of the eugenics movement
Fritz Peris
Creator of gestalt theory
G. Stanley Hall
first american to work for Wundt; founded the american psychological association (now largest organization of psychologists in the USA) and became first president
George A. Miller
made famous the phrase: the emagical number 7, plus or minus 2 when describing human memory
Gordon Allport
founder of trait theory
Gustave Fechner
early german psychologist credited with founding psychophysics
Hans Selye
accidently described general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Harry Harlow
studied attachment in monkeys with artificial mothers
Hermann Ebbinghaus
memorized nonsense syllabbles in early study on human memory
Howard Gardner
best known for his theory of multiple intelligence
Ivan Pavlov
described process of classical conditioning after famous experiments with dogs
Jean Piaget
known for his theory of cognitive development in children
Jerome Kagan
conducted longitidinal studies on temperatment (infancy to adolescnecce)
John Garcia
studied taste aversion in rats; led to knowledge that sickness and taste preferences can be conditiioned
John Watson
Early behaviorist; famous for the little albert experiments on fear conditioning
Joseph Wolpe
described use of systematic desensitization to treat phobias
Karen Horney
Neo-freudian; offered feminist critique of Freud's theory
Konrad Lorenz
won Nobel prize for research on imprinting
Lawrence Kohlberg
famous for his theory of moral development in children; made use of moral dilemas in assessment
Leon Festinger
described concept of cognitive dissonance
Lev Vygotsky
found of social development theory (note: not social learning theory or psychosocial development); emphasizes importance of More Knowledge Others (MKO) and the Zone of Proximal Development
Lewis Terman
advocate of intelligence testing in US; ddeveloped Stanford-Binet test annd oversaw army's use of intelligence testing during WWI
Margaret Floy Washburn
first female to be awarded a PhD in psychology; 2nd president of APA
Martin Seligman
conducted experiments with dogs that led to the concept of learned helplessness
Mary Ainsworth
studied attachment in infants using the strange situations model. Label infants secure, insecure in attachment
Mary Cover Jones
mother of behavior therapy; used classical conditioning to help peter overcome fear of rabbits
Maryy Whiton Calkins
first female president of the APA; a student of William James; denied the PhD she earned from Harvard because of her sex (later, posthhumously, it was granted to her)
Michael Gazzaniga
conducted the HE-ART experiments with split brain patients
Noam Chomsky
created concept of universal grammar
Paul Broca
the part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscles involved in speech was named for him, because he first identified it
Paul Costa & Robert McCrae
creators of the Big Five model of personality traits
Paul Eckman
interested in the unversality of facial expressions: facial expressions carry same meaning regardless of culture, context, or language. Use of mircroexpressions to detect lying
Philip Zimbardo
conducted Stanford Prison experiment
Phineas Gage
his survival of a horrible industrial accident taught us about the role of the frontal lobes
Robert Rescorla
researched classical conditioning; found subjects learn the predicability of an event through trials (cognitive element)
Robert Sternberg
creator of successful intelligence theory (3 types)
Roger Sperry
like Gazzaniga, studieed split brain patients; showed that left/right hemispheres have different functions
Sigmund Freud
developed psychoanalysis; considered to be father of modern psychiatry
Solomon Asch
conducted famous conformity experiment that requiired subjects to match lines
Stanley Milgram
conducted shocking experiments on obediance
Stanley Schachter
developed two-factor theory of emotion; experiments on spillover effect
Thomas Bouchard
studied identical twins separated at birth
Walter Mischel
offered famous critique of trait theory and its claims
William James
created Functionalist school of thought; early American psychology teacher/philosopher
William Masters & Virginia Johnson
used direct observation and experimentation to study sexual response cycle (4 stages)
William Wundt
conducted first psychology experiments in first psych laboratory
Wolfgang Kohler
considered to be the founder of Gestalt Psychology
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