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Nucleic acids
________ are molecules that are made up of simple units called nucleotides.
Cholesterol
________ is a four- ringed molecule that is found in membranes.
Carbohydrates
________ are organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Haemoglobin
________ is a molecule in the blood that helps distribute oxygen to the tissues in the body.
Hydrolysis
________ is when polymers can also be broken down into monomers.
monosaccharides
Most carbohydrates are categorised as either ________, disaccharides, or polysaccharides.
DNA
________ contains the hereditary "blueprints "of all life.
Monomers
________ are the individual building blocks of a polymer.
concentration of hydrogen
The ________ ions in a solution will indicate whether it is acidic, basic, or neutral.
Electrons
________ are negatively charged-) (particles.
Reactions
________ are also influenced by whether the solution in which they occur is acidic, basic, or neutral.
RNA
________ is essential for protein synthesis.
Protons
________ are positively charged (+) particles.
energy source
It is a(n) ________ for cells.
Phospholipids
________ contain two fatty acid "tails "and one negatively charged phosphate "head.
water molecule
A(n) ________ is lost in the reaction, and a larger compound is formed.
carbon
They contain ________, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms.
Polymers
________ are chains of building blocks in macromolecules.
Glucose
________ is an important part of the food we eat, and it is the product made by plants during photosynthesis.
Amino acids
________ are building blocks of proteins.
Side chain polarity
________ affects whether an amino acid is more hydrophobic or more hydrophilic.
Polysaccharides
________ are made up of many repeated units of monosaccharides.
separate polypeptide chains
It is formed when four ________ interact with each other and is a quaternary structure.
lot of hydrogen
A solution is acidic if it contains a(n) ________ ions (H+)
oxygen
They contain carbon, hydrogen, ________, and nitrogen and phosphorus.
Neutrons
________ are uncharged particles.
Atoms
________ are the unit of life and are the building blocks of the physical world.
Glycogen
________ and starch are sugar storage molecules.
pH scale
The ________ is logarithmic and represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.
alpha helix
When the polypeptide begins to twist it begins forming either a coil (known as a(n) ________) or zigzagging pattern (known as beta- pleated sheets)
fatty acid
A(n) ________ can be saturated with hydrogens along its long carbon chain or it cant be unsaturated.
different polypeptide chains
When ________ sometimes interact with each other, they form a quaternary structure.
polypeptide chain twists
Once a(n) ________ and folds on itself, it forms a 3D structure called a protein.
disaccharide
The ________ formed from two glucose molecules is maltose.
group of amino acids
If a(n) ________ is joined together in a "string, "the resulting organic compound is called a polypeptide.
fatty acid chains
Each triglyceride is made of a glycerol molecule (also called the glycerol backbone) with three ________ attached to it.
same number of protons
Some atoms have the ________ but differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
Proteins
________ are important for structure, function, and regulation of your tissues and organs.
Lipids
________ are important due to their non- polar structures, they function as structural components of cell membranes, sources of insulation, signalling molecules, and a means of energy storage.
acidity
The ________ or alkalinity of a solution can be measured using a pH scale.
membrane fluidity
It generally increases ________, except at very high temperatures.
fatty acid chain
A(n) ________ is covered in hydrogen.
covalent bond
A(n) ________ is formed when electrons are shared between atoms.
Molecules
________ with carbon are organic molecules and ________ that do not contain carbon atoms are called inorganic compounds.
cohesion of water molecules
The ________ contributes to another property of water known as surface tension.
monosaccharides
When two ________ are joined, the bond is called a glycosidic linkage, and the resulting sugar is called a disaccharide.
Phospholipids
________ are important because of some unique properties they possess, regards to water.
Water molecules
________ have a strong tendency to stick together.
Glucose
________ and fructose can be depicted as either "straight "or "rings ..
Elements
are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
To break up the disaccharide and form two monosaccharides
Just add water
Need to know for the test
starch, cellulose, and glycogen
The AP Exam divides them into 3 broad categories
hydrophobic (non-polar and uncharged), hydrophilic (polar and uncharged), and ionic (polar and charged)
Two contain the atom sulphur
methionine and cysteine
Lipid Saturation
The extent of saturation in a lipid can affect its structure and function
Note
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