abeka chemistry 11 section 10.2

nitrogen (N2)

main component of air; tasteless, colorless, odorless gas

78%

what is the percentage of nitrogen in the air?

ammonia

fill in the blank

the major use of nitrogen, by far, is in the production of _________ for fertilizers

nitrogen fixation

process in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into a form that can be used by plants

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

nitrogen to nitrates (legumes)

nitrifying bacteria

ammonia to nitrates

denitrifying bacteria

nitrates to nitrogen

lightning

can also help make nitrates

fertilizers

fill in the blank

besides some form of nitrogen, _______ often contain other essential nutrients, such as potassium and phosphorus

ammonia (NH3)

colorless gas with an irritating odor

haber process

process in which ammonia is synthesized from hydrogen and nitrogen gases

nitrous oxide (dinitrogen monoxide)

colorless gas with a pleasant odor and sweet taste; used in dental surgery

nitrogen dioxide

very toxic, brownish gas with a choking odor

nitric acid

inorganic acid used in the manufacture of fertilizers, dyes, drugs, and explosives and etching and photoengraving processes

ostwald process

process used to produce nitric acid commercially

nitroglycerin

unstable high-energy nitrogen compound that detonates unpredictably with slight shock

dynamite

stable version of nitroglycerin

phosphorus

tenth most abundant element in the earth’s crust; present in all living organisms

phosphorus

sixth most abundant element in the human body

allotropes

two or more forms of the same element that differ in their properties but exists on the same physical state

• white phosphorus

• red phosphorus

list the two forms of phosphorus.

synthesis

fill in the blank

the major use of elemental phosphorus is in the _______ of phosphoric acid and other phosphorus compounds

phosphorus acid

one of the most important industrial chemicals in the US; acid that is used to add tartness in carbonated beverages and, as its salts, is used in many other applications

phosphates

any salts of phosphoric acid

NaH2PO4

used to control acidity in foods; also used in cured hams, instant cereals, evaporated milk, and pasteurized processed cheese

emulsifier

prevents the separation of fat and water

Ca(H2PO4)2

ingredient in baking powder

organophosphates

natural and synthetic phosphorus compounds used as agricultural insecticides; pesticides

ATP

energy carrier of the cell

adenosine triphosphate

what does ATP stand for?