PHA6119: Mind-Body Interventions, Music Therapy, & Yoga

MIND-BODY INTERVENTION

Focus on the interactions among the brain, mind, body, and behavior, with the intent to use the mind to affect physical functioning and promote health.

MIND-BODY INTERVENTION

This includes the mental, emotional, spiritual, social, sexual, and physical domains of health.

MIND-BODY INTERVENTION

• Examples of this include:

  • Meditation

  • Hypnosis

  • Biofeedback

  • Alexandra technique

  • Yoga, aromatherapy

  • Autogenic and visual imagery training

  • Progressive muscle relaxation

  • Tai Chi

  • Dance movement

  • Art therapy

  • Music therapy

meditatum

The word “meditate” originated from the Latin word _, which means “to ponder”

MEDITATION

It may be considered a state in which the body is consciously relaxed, the mind is allowed to become calm and focused, and deep feelings of well-being are experienced.

AREAS OF GROWTH FACILITATED BY MEDITATION

• Getting to know the mind

AREAS OF GROWTH FACILITATED BY MEDITATION

• Training the mind.

AREAS OF GROWTH FACILITATED BY MEDITATION

• Freeing the mind.

From the Hindu tradition of India

Vendatism

• Other forms of meditation from China:

  • _, a school of Philosophy, is the earliest Indian path for spiritual enlightenment.

Dhyana/Jhana

 practice in India, known to be the training of the mind or meditation.

VIPASSANA MEDITATION

Defined as “to see things clearly”, “deep insight”, “to come and see”, “to come inward and see”

VIPASSANA MEDITATION

A rational method for purifying the mind of all those thoughts that cause stress and pain

VIPASSANA MEDITATION

Suitable for any gender, age, or race

VIPASSANA MEDITATION

Easiest technique of all time

VIPASSANA MEDITATION

• A skilled and highly trained person will guide an individual by giving instructions.

• During the meditation, mindfulness is employed. Meditating in the present moment.

• Be watchful of his breath as it comes and goes. Calm the mind.

TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi

TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION

• Transcendental consciousness of one most inner self, a supposedly very peaceful place and state of mind.

TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION

A very practical form of meditation that may be used by everyone, it takes 15-20 minutes twice a day, sitting comfortably with eyes closed.

TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION

May be done on the bus, train, during lunch hour, or at any place.

TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION

Usually has a mantra which is used for meditation (e.g. “Uhm..” sound while meditating)

ZEN BUDDHIST MEDITATION

Also called “zazen” which means “study of self”

ZEN BUDDHIST MEDITATION

In Zen meditation, the body and the breath come together as one

TAOIST MEDITATION

A type of meditation that generates and circulate internal energy (Deh-chee)

TAOIST MEDITATION

This involves breathing with the nostrils , expanding and contracting the abdomen.

TAOIST MEDITATION

A method that enhances self-awareness and insight.

TAOIST MEDITATION

• Guidelines:

  • Be calm and still

  • Concentrate (think of one thing)

BUDDHIST MEDITATION

This is done by a person to become detached and objective about his thoughts, which aids him think clearly and focus to on a single point

BUDDHIST MEDITATION

The object of concentration (kammatthana) is less important than the skill of concentration itself, and varies by individual and situation.

ekaggata

a single point

kammatthana

object of concentration

Music Therapy

is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program

Music Therapy

It serves as a physiological stimulus leading to an auditory driving of the alpha and theta waves

Music

can be seen as one of a variety of critical and culturally-conditioned prompts (such as related elements of dance and drama) in rituals in which both shaman and patient are willing participants subscribing to a socialized belief system

Music Therapy

Egypt found in medical papyri

Pythagoras, Aristotle and Plato

are Greek philosophers who approached the power of music which helps in the healing of the sick.

Pythagoras

thought deeply and shared that music was not only related to math and so he took a further step and saw how the different combinations of melodies that played could influence different moods

Plato and Aristotle

shared a system that found the 4 ends to music. These were moving or emotions that give pleasure and help in intellectual advancement. The idea of music that can influence health is as old as the writings of Aristotle and Plato.

Music Therapy

WW I &WW II Veterans with trauma & physical trauma

Music Therapy

• US used phonograph (1877) in the operating room

Doctors were using music to distract patients in the operating room which helps a lot of patients to recover.

Standard I - Referral and Acceptance

• A client will be accepted for music therapy in accordance with specific criteria.

• 1.1 – A client may be a candidate for music therapy when a cognitive, communication, psychological, educational, social, or physiological need might be ameliorated or prevented by such services.

• 1.2 – A client may be referred for an initial music therapy assessment by: a Music Therapist/members of other disciplines or agencies/self/ parents, guardians, advocates or designated representatives

1.3 – The final decision to accept a client for music therapy assessment will be made by a Music Therapist.

Standard II – Assessment

The music therapy assessment will include the general categories of psychological, cognitive, communicative, social, and physiological functioning focused on the client's needs and strengths.

The assessment will also determine the client's responses to music, music skills and musical preferences. This will explore the client’s culture, chronological age, diagnoses, functioning, level and culture(s)

• The information may also be obtained from different disciplines or sources such as the past and present medical and social history.

• All results, conclusions and implications of the music therapy assessment will become the basis for the client’s music therapy program.

Treatment Planning

• The Music Therapist will develop an individualized treatment plan based upon the music therapy assessment, the client's prognosis, and applicable information from other 14 disciplines and sources.

  • The client will participate in program plan development when appropriate, all while maintaining to help the client attain and maintain the maximum level of functioning, with goals, objectives and established principles of growth and development.

The Music Therapist will comply with federal, state, and facility regulations.

Standard IV – Implementation

The Music Therapist will deliver services according to the written program plan and will strive for the highest level and quality of music with appropriate musical instruments and materials, ensuring every effort to for safe and quality client care, where he/she will to determine progress toward the goals and objectives, incorporate the results of such evaluations in subsequent treatment and consider the psychological effects of therapeutic separation as termination of services approaches.

Standard V - Documentation

The Music Therapist will document the client's referral to music therapy, assessment, placement, treatment plan, and ongoing progress in music therapy in a manner consistent with federal, state, and other regulations and policies.

Standard VI - Termination of Services

• The Music Therapist will terminate music therapy services when the client has attained stated goals and objectives, fails to benefit from services, can no longer be scheduled, or is discharged.

• At the time of termination, consideration will be given for scheduling periodic reevaluation to determine the need for follow- up services.

• The Music Therapist will prepare the music therapy termination plan in accordance with federal, state, and facility regulations.

Standard VII - Continuing Education

• 7.1 – It is the responsibility of the Music Therapist to maintain knowledge of current developments in research, theory, and techniques in music therapy-related areas specific to the populations and therapeutic settings.

• 7.2 – The Music Therapist will be familiar with current federal, state, and local laws pertaining to issues of client rights and confidentiality.

• 7.3 – The Music Therapist will contribute to the education of others regarding the use and benefits of music therapy.

Standard VIII - Supervision

• 8.1 – It is the responsibility of the Music Therapist to seek and participate in supervision on a regular basis.

8.2 – It is the responsibility of the Music Therapist providing supervision to maintain knowledge of current developments in research, theory, and techniques in music therapy supervision and supervision in general.

Music Therapy

Can Help Manage Parkinson’s & Alzheimer’s Disease

Music Therapy

Helps Reduce Symptoms of Psychological Disorders, Including Schizophrenia

Yuj

From Sanskrit root “_”, meaning ‘to join’ or ‘to yoke’ or ‘to unite’

YOGA

It is essentially a spiritual discipline based on an extreme subtle science and art, which focuses on bringing harmony between mind and body which requires correct breathing, posture, and meditation.

YOGA

• Also refers to an inner science comprising a variety of methods through which human beings can realize this union and achieve mastery over their destiny.

YOGA

Self-realization

YOGA

Enlightenment

YOGA

Liberation of the soul

YOGA

Free your mind

YOGA

Origin: Indian Tradition

Prana

POWER OF BREATH

• The breath is _ or vital force. The body requirements of oxygen or pranic energy are changing depending on the actions. In a relax position, vital energy is lower and the breathing becomes relaxed and deep.

Apana

• A cleansing breath called “_” eliminates stale air from the lungs each time a person breathe out so the energies one have taken in are returned to the external environment.

V

is a form of exercise and meditation

ASANA POSES

These are performed in a particular sequence so that all muscle groups are exercised to improve strength and tone inorder to flush out toxins.

no less than 2 hours

Yoga should be performed _ after eating so that food has been digested.

TOP TEN YOGA POSITIONS FOR BEGINNERS

Warrior

TOP TEN YOGA POSITIONS FOR BEGINNERS

Triangle

TOP TEN YOGA POSITIONS FOR BEGINNERS

Downward Facing Dog

TOP TEN YOGA POSITIONS FOR BEGINNERS

Tree

TOP TEN YOGA POSITIONS FOR BEGINNERS

Child

TOP TEN YOGA POSITIONS FOR BEGINNERS

Cobbler

TOP TEN YOGA POSITIONS FOR BEGINNERS

Seated Twist

TOP TEN YOGA POSITIONS FOR BEGINNERS

Mountain

TOP TEN YOGA POSITIONS FOR BEGINNERS

Bridge

TOP TEN YOGA POSITIONS FOR BEGINNERS

Upward Facing Dog

Karma Yoga

based on selfless actions

Bhakti Yoga

a form of devotion & prayer

Jnana Yoga

scholarly pursuits and the study of philosophy and knowledge