Engineering Pre-Major Year Collaborative (EPYC) Program Lecture Notes

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on engineering concepts and C++ programming terms for exam review.

Algorithm

A step-by-step processing procedure used to solve problems.

Flowchart

Graphical representation of an algorithm.

Data Terminal

Defines the starting and ending point of a flowchart.

Initialization

The preparation or initialization of memory space for data processing.

Input/Output

Used to represent data input and output.

Process

Used to represent manipulation of data, such as assignment and mathematical computations.

Decision

Used to represent processing of conditions using relational operators.

Subroutine or Function

Used to group sequences that perform a specific, well-defined task.

Flow Lines

Defines the logical sequence of the program.

On-page connector

Connects flowcharts on the same page.

Off-page connector

Connects flowcharts on different pages.

Sequence Structure

Represents a flow carried out in a particular order.

Selection Structure

Represents a flow where processes are selected based on certain conditions.

Repetition Structure

Represents a flow wherein a condition is executed repeatedly until satisfied.

Low-Level Language

Programming languages written in a format that is easy for computers to interpret.

High-Level Language

Programming languages written in a format resembling human language.

C++ Language

A general-purpose programming language that supports data abstraction, generic programming, and object-oriented programming.

Pre-processor directive

Instructs the compiler to locate the file containing code for the library.

Body of the program

Where the content of the program is located or written.

Entry point for the application

Where program execution starts.

Closing curly brace

Used to end a function or method when a value is expected to be sent back to a caller.

Value

Representation of an entity that can be manipulated by a program classified based on data types.

Variable

A one-word name that points to a value.

String

A sequence of zero or more characters enclosed in double quotation marks.

C Strings

One-dimensional arrays of characters terminated by a null character '\0'.

Concatenates string

Joining two strings together.

Comparison function

Compares two strings lexicographically returning values based on their relationship.

Copies string

Copying one string's content to another.

Data Type

Determines the type of data that a variable can hold.

Primitive Data Type

Built-in or predefined data types used to declare variables.

Integer (int)

Data type that deals with whole numbers.

Floating-point (float)

Data type that deals with decimal numbers.

Double (double)

Data type for double precision decimal numbers.

Boolean (bool)

Data type to store true or false values.

Character (char)

Data type used to represent single characters.

Array

Collection of items stored at continuous memory locations.

Pointer

Symbolic representation of addresses enabling dynamic data structures.

Operators

Symbols denoting calculations, relationships, comparisons, and operations on operands.

Constant

Memory location whose content cannot change during program execution.

Token

Smallest individual unit of a program written in any language.

While Loop

An entry-controlled loop that executes as long as the condition is true.

Do-while Loop

An exit-controlled loop that executes at least once before testing the condition.

For Loop

An entry-controlled loop that executes a specific number of times.

Conditional operator (?:)

Ternary operator that takes three arguments.

Switch statement

Used to execute different parts of code based on the value of a variable.

Break statement

Used to exit a loop prematurely.

Continue statement

Jumps to the next iteration of the loop.

Nested Loop

A loop placed inside the body of another loop.

Sentinel-Controlled Loop

Loop that ends based on a unique input value known as a sentinel.

Flag-Controlled Loop

Loop controlled by a boolean flag that changes state during execution.

Zero Iteration Loop

Loop that fails to execute when the initial condition is false.