CPH Lec Week 3

design, implement, and evaluate

COMMUNITY PROGRAM PLANNING: Organized process to ___, ___, and ___ projects addressing a defined population’s needs

1. Assemble community stakeholders

STEPS IN PLANNING & EVALUATING PROGRAMS

1. ___

2. Perform needs assessment

3. Design measurable objectives

4. Choose multilevel approaches

5. Implement interventions

6. Build evaluation into the process

2. Perform needs assessment

STEPS IN PLANNING & EVALUATING PROGRAMS

1. Assemble community stakeholders

2. ___

3. Design measurable objectives

4. Choose multilevel approaches

5. Implement interventions

6. Build evaluation into the process

3. Design measurable objectives

STEPS IN PLANNING & EVALUATING PROGRAMS

1. Assemble community stakeholders

2. Perform needs assessment

3. ___

4. Choose multilevel approaches

5. Implement interventions

6. Build evaluation into the process

4. Choose multilevel approaches

STEPS IN PLANNING & EVALUATING PROGRAMS

1. Assemble community stakeholders

2. Perform needs assessment

3. Design measurable objectives

4. ___

5. Implement interventions

6. Build evaluation into the process

5. Implement interventions

STEPS IN PLANNING & EVALUATING PROGRAMS

1. Assemble community stakeholders

2. Perform needs assessment

3. Design measurable objectives

4. Choose multilevel approaches

5. ___

6. Build evaluation into the process

6. Build evaluation into the process

STEPS IN PLANNING & EVALUATING PROGRAMS

1. Assemble community stakeholders

2. Perform needs assessment

3. Design measurable objectives

4. Choose multilevel approaches

5. Implement interventions

6. ___

agenda, values, and priorities

STEPS FOR COMMUNITY PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, & EVALUATION

Step 1. Create Strategy & elicit Community Input:

Collaborate with community stakeholders to define the ___, ___, and ___

Step 2. Identify Primary Health Issues in Your Community

Conduct assessments to pinpoint pressing health concerns

Step 3. Develop Measurable Objectives

STEPS FOR COMMUNITY PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, & EVALUATION

Define clear objectives to assess progress in addressing health issues

Step 4. Select Effective Interventions

STEPS FOR COMMUNITY PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, & EVALUATION

Choose evidence-based interventions to meet objectives

Step 5. Implement Selected Interventions

STEPS FOR COMMUNITY PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, & EVALUATION

Deploy strategies in the community & engage partners

Step 6. Evaluate Selected Interventions

STEPS FOR COMMUNITY PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, & EVALUATION

Monitor & measure outcomes to improve future programs

Social Cognitive Theory

Community Organization

Diffusion of Innovations

Communication Theory

THEORIES GOVERNING SOCIAL CHANGE:

___, ___, ___, and ___. These frameworks can be used to influence factors within a social ecological framework

role models, social identity & support

SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK

Interpersonal: Family, friends, & peers provide ___, ___, & ___

Organization

SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK

___: Groups influence behavior through organizational change, diffusion of innovation, & social marketing strategies

Community

SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK

___: Social marketing & community organizing can change community norms on behavior

Public Policy

SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK

___: Public opinion process & policy changes can change the incentives for certain behaviors & make them easier or more difficult (e.g., taxes on high-sugar beverages)

Physical Environment

SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK

___: The availability of food, walkability of a neighborhood, presence of mold in housing with asthmatic children are all examples for the profound impact of the physical environment on behavior

Social Cognitive Theory

Theory that explores the reciprocal interaction of people, their environments, & their behaviors (reciprocal determinism)

Community Organization Theory

Theory that Frameworks for building stronger communities

Social Action Theory

theory that Increases a community’s problem solving capacity through actionable social change

Empowerment, Community Capacity, Critical Consciousness, and Social Capital

Social Action Theory Key Concepts:

___, ___, ___, and ___

enhances confidence & life skills

Social Action Theory Key Concepts:

Empowerment: A process that ___ & ___

identify, mobilize, & solve social problems

Social Action Theory Key Concepts:

Community Capacity: unique ability of a community to ___, ___, & ___

Critical Consciousness

Social Action Theory Key Concepts: Mental state recognizing the need for social change

trust, reciprocity, & civic engagement

Social Action Theory Key Concepts:

Social Capital: Social resources such as ___, ___, & ___

Changing perceptions, motivating community, & policy engagement

Social Action Theory Key Concepts:

Media Advocacy: ___, ___, and ___

Diffusion of Innovation Theory

Theory that Disseminates strategies into communities effectively

Innovations, Communication channels, Social systems, Diffusion time

Diffusion of Innovation Theory Key Elements:

___, ___, ___, and ___

Innovators (2.5%)

Population Segments by Adoption Speed:

___: Eager to embrace new concepts

Laggards (16%)

Population Segments by Adoption Speed:

___: Last to accept an innovation

perceived positive characteristics

The speed of adoption by any group depends on the ___ of the innovations themselves

Compatibility

Factors Influencing Adoption Speed Relative Advantage comes from:

___: The degree to which innovation is consistent with the existing values, current processes, past experiences, & needs of potential adopters

Low Complexity

Factors Influencing Adoption Speed Relative Advantage comes from:

___: The degree to which an innovation is perceived as easy to use

Trialability

Factors Influencing Adoption Speed Relative Advantage comes from:

___: The opportunity to experiment with innovation on a limited basis

Observability

Factors Influencing Adoption Speed Relative Advantage comes from:

___: The degree to which the results of innovation are visible to others

Social Marketing in Public Health

Analyze social consequences of commercial marketing

Audience Segmentation

Divide the market into smaller segments based on:

• Sociodemographic characteristics

• Cultural characteristics

• Behavioral characteristics

Tailored Messages

Address Specific:

• Cognitive & behavioral patterns

• Individual demographic characteristics

Branding

Apply commercial branding strategies to health behavior change

Marketing mix

4Ps

• Product (the desire type of behavioral change and its benefits)

• Price (barriers & costs in money, time, & effort)

• Place (accessibility & convenience of adopting the new behavior)

• Promotion (informing the target market of product benefits, & convenience)

Product

the desire type of behavioral change and its benefits

Price

barriers & costs in money, time, & effort

Place

accessibility & convenience of adopting the new behavior

Promotion

informing the target market of product benefits, & convenience

Communication Thoery

Theory that Describes how communication can bring about change in communities & society

The Delphi Technique

A structured method for gathering expert opinions. Ensures all participants have a voice & their input is valued

Media Framing

How the media presents a health issue significantly influences:

• Public Understanding, Level of public attention, and Individual & community action

Health Equity

Everyone has the opportunity to attain their full health potential and No one is disadvantaged due to social position

1. Define a strategy & assemble a team

STEPS IN DEVELOPING A HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM

1. ___

2. Identify primary health issues

3. Develop objectives to measure progress

4. Select effective interventions

5. Implement innovation

6. Evaluate

2. Identify primary health issues

STEPS IN DEVELOPING A HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM

1. Define a strategy & assemble a team

2. ___

3. Develop objectives to measure progress

4. Select effective interventions

5. Implement innovation

6. Evaluate

3. Develop objectives to measure progress

STEPS IN DEVELOPING A HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM

1. Define a strategy & assemble a team

2. Identify primary health issues

3. ___

4. Select effective interventions

5. Implement innovation

6. Evaluate

4. Select effective interventions

STEPS IN DEVELOPING A HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM

1. Define a strategy & assemble a team

2. Identify primary health issues

3. Develop objectives to measure progress

4. ___

5. Implement innovation

6. Evaluate

5. Implement innovation

STEPS IN DEVELOPING A HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM

1. Define a strategy & assemble a team

2. Identify primary health issues

3. Develop objectives to measure progress

4. Select effective interventions

5. ___

6. Evaluate

6. Evaluate

STEPS IN DEVELOPING A HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM

1. Define a strategy & assemble a team

2. Identify primary health issues

3. Develop objectives to measure progress

4. Select effective interventions

5. Implement innovation

6. ___

Define a strategy & assemble a team

• Build a coalition BEFORE data collection. This ensures focus on addressable issues & increases community buy-in. Involve key stakeholders.

• Primary care providers & emergency room staff offer valuable insights due to their unique knowledge of vulnerable populations

Needs Assessment

Identify primary health issues: ___

• Identify areas for improvement in community health

• Focus on the community’s specific health challenges

Asset Mapping

Identify primary health issues: ___

• Identify existing resources & strengths within the community

Precede-Proceed Model

TOOLS FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT: ___

• Comprehensive framework for assessing health needs & designing interventions

PATCH (Planned Approach to Community Health)

TOOLS FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT: ___

• Focuses on community involvement & action planning

MAPP (Mobilizing for Action through Planning & Partnership)

TOOLS FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT: ___

• Emphasizes community participation & collaboration

NPHPSP (National Public Health Performance Standards Program)

TOOLS FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT: ___

• Provides a framework for assessing & improving public health performance

Step 1. Social Assessment

PRECEDE:

Step 1. ___

Step 2. Epidemiological Assessment

Step 3. Behavioral & Environmental Assessment

Step 4. Educational & Ecological Assessment

Step 5. Administrative & Policy Assessment

Step 2. Epidemiological Assessment

PRECEDE:

Step 1. Social Assessment

Step 2. ___

Step 3. Behavioral & Environmental Assessment

Step 4. Educational & Ecological Assessment

Step 5. Administrative & Policy Assessment

Step 3. Behavioral & Environmental Assessment

PRECEDE:

Step 1. Social Assessment

Step 2. Epidemiological Assessment

Step 3. ___

Step 4. Educational & Ecological Assessment

Step 5. Administrative & Policy Assessment

Step 4. Educational & Ecological Assessment

PRECEDE:

Step 1. Social Assessment

Step 2. Epidemiological Assessment

Step 3. Behavioral & Environmental Assessment

Step 4. ___

Step 5. Administrative & Policy Assessment

Step 5. Administrative & Policy Assessment

PRECEDE:

Step 1. Social Assessment

Step 2. Epidemiological Assessment

Step 3. Behavioral & Environmental Assessment

Step 4. Educational & Ecological Assessment

Step 5. ___

Step 6. Implementation

PROCEDE

Step 6. ___

Step 7. Process Evaluation

Step 8. Impact Evaluation

Step 9. Outcome Evaluation

Step 7. Process Evaluation

PROCEDE

Step 6. Implementation

Step 7. ___

Step 8. Impact Evaluation

Step 9. Outcome Evaluation

Step 8. Impact Evaluation

PROCEDE

Step 6. Implementation

Step 7. Process Evaluation

Step 8. ___

Step 9. Outcome Evaluation

Step 9. Outcome Evaluation

PROCEDE

Step 6. Implementation

Step 7. Process Evaluation

Step 8. Impact Evaluation

Step 9. ___

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, & Time-bound

SMART meaning

Healthy People 2020 ; government, public, health organization, & public-spirited citizens

The ___ objectives represent a national consensus strategy of the ___, ___, ___, & ___ & have a major impact on the way government & other institutions direct their resources in public health

Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, Track

MAP-IT meaning

MAP-IT

___ is a framework that can be used to plan & evaluate public health interventions in a community.

CDC ; Community Preventative Services Task Force

Community Preventative Services are Developed by the ___ & guided by the ___

recommended, recommended against, & insufficient evidence

After balancing the evidence & cost-effectiveness of recommendations, the guide provides the following ratings: ___, ___, & ___

, environment & reducing disease, injury, & impairment

Community Intervention Methods Focus on changing risk behaviors, addressing the ___ & ___, ___, & ___

Environment ; Community Capacity

IMPLEMENTING INNOVATIONS:

• Critical Factors

  • ___: Plays a significant role in implementation success

  • ___: Ensures, resources, leadership, & participation are aligned

Guide to Community Preventative Services ; Research-Tested Intervention Program

IMPLEMENTING INNOVATIONS:

• Tool for Innovation

  • ___: Evaluates interventions effectiveness through systematic review

  • ___: Database of cancer control interventions with detailed materials

Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance

RE-AIM:

• ___: Who is impacted?

• ___: How effective the intervention?

• ___: How widely is it accepted?

• ___: Is it executed as planned?

• ___: Is it sustainable over time?

Early Majority (34%)

___: Adopt to innovation after seeing success